Abdominal Overview Flashcards by Scott Mitchell

Main arteries that supply their specific part of the gut tube

Foregut: Celiac trunk

Midgut: superior mesentary

Hindgut: inferior mesentary

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Parts of the foregut

Abdominal esophagus

Stomach

Proximal duodenum

Liver and gallbladder

Pancreas

all supplied by celiac trunk

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What is supplied by the celiac trunk but is gut derivative?

Spleen

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Parts of Midgut

Distal duodenum
jejunum
ilium
cecum

Ascending colon

Proximal transverse colon

all supplied by superior mesentery artery

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Parts of the hindgut

Distal Transverse colon

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

Superior anal canal

all supplied by the inferior mesentery artery

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Ligament of the lesser omentum

Hepatogastric: separates stomach from liver

Hepatoduodenal: separates duodenum and liver.

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Hepatoduodenal ligament significance

Contains portal triad, epiploic foramen of Winslow and the lesser sac (omental bursa)

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What is contained in the portal triad?

Hepatic portal vein

Hepatic artery

Bile duct

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Ligaments of the peritoneal

Root of mesentery

Suspensory ligament of Trietz

Falciform ligament

Gastrophrenic ligament of greater omentum

Gastrosplenic ligament of greater omentum

Gastronomic ligament of greater omentum
- separates stomach and transverse colon

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Subdivisions of peritoneal cavity

Greater peritoneal sac

Lesser peritoneal sac

Transverse mesocolon
- divides abdominal cavity into supracolic and infracolic

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How does the greater and lesser peritoneal sacs communicate?

Through the epiploic foramen

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How do supracolic and infracolic compartments communicate?

Freely through parabolic gutters

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Psoas major attachment, innervation and functions

Attaches to lesser trochanter

Innervated by L2-L4 anterior rami

Functions to:

bilaterally flex and externally rotate hips
raises trunk from a supine position
unilaterally bends trunk to ipsilateral side

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Illiacus Attachment, innervation and functions

Attachment is lesser trochanter

Innervated by femoral nerve (L2-L4)

Functions to
-bilaterally adducted and externally rotates hip

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Quadratics lumborum Attachment, innervation and functions

Iliolumbar ligament/internal iliac crest

Innervation: subcostal iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal-inguinal nerves and anterior rami of L2-L4

Functions: bilaterally adducted and externally rotates hip ipsilaterally.

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Three muscle layers of diaphragm

Sternal, coastal and lumbar

Ligaments of lumbar diaphragm

Median arcuate: midline union of right and left Crura

Medial arcuate: between lumbar bodies and transverse processes.

Lateral arcuate: from T12 transverse process to rib 12

Muscles that pass respective diaphragm ligaments

Median: none

Medial: psoas major and lumbar sympathetic trunk

Lateral: quadratus lumborum

3 passage ways in the diaphragm

Canal opening (around T8) 
- IVC passes here

Esophageal hiatus (around T10)
- esophagus, gastric vessels and some lymphatics pass here

Aortic hiatus: (between right and left crura)
- aorta passes here

Sensory and motor innervation for diaphragm

Motor: right and left phrenic (T3-5)

Sensory: intercoastal nerves, phrenic nerve and subcostal nerves
T3-T12

Vasculature of diaphragm

Thoracic surface: pericadiacophrenic, musculophrenic and superior phrenic arteries/veins

Abdominal surface: inferior right and left phrenic arteries and veins

Abdominal aorta positioning

Begins at T12 via aorta hiatus

Depends until L4 where it divides into right and left common iliac arteries

Unpaired visceral branches of abdominal aorta

Celiac trunk, superior mesentery and inferior mesentery.

Paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta

Right and left middle suprarenal arteries

Right and left renal arteries

Right and left testicular/ovarian arteries

Parietal branches of abdominal aorta

Unpaired median sacral artery right and left inferior phrenic arteries Right and left lumbar arteries

Right and left sympathetic chains join where and become what?

Join at the anterior coccyx as the ganglion impar

Myenteric (Auerbach) plexus

Located within muscularis externa - control motility and blood flow within muscularis externa

Submucosal (Meissner) Plexus

Located within the submucosal layer of the gut. Secretion, blood flow, micromotility and immune activity within the muscosa

Enteric nervous system overview

Found in the wall of the GI tract and consists of two plexus (Myenteric and submucosal) - operates independently from CNS (no spinal nerves) - does receive input from postsynaptic sympathetic fibers and postsynaptic parasympathetics still

What is the abdominal policeman of the abdominal cavity?

Greater omentum Will wall off infected portion if a part is infected, preventing spread.

Psoas major

Origin in the lumbar transverse processes Insertion in the lesser trochanter of the femur Bilaterally flexes and external rotates hip Raises trunk when supine Unilaterally bends trunk to same side Innervated by anterior rami of L2-L4

Illiacus (iliopsoas)

Origin is the illiac crest Insertion is the lesser trochanter of the femur Bilaterally hip flexion Innervated by femoral nerve

Quadratics lumborum

Origin is rib 12 Insertion is iliac crest Unilaterally bends trunk to same side Innervated by T12-L4 anterior rami