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Anatomy (Block2) > Abdominal Organs 1 And 2 Lectures > Flashcards

Abdominal Organs 1 And 2 Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

Continents of the foregut

A

Abdominal esophagus

Stomach

Proximal duodenum

Pancreas

Liver/gallbladder

Spleen*

*Not a gut derivative

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2
Q

What anatomical location separates the foregut from the midgut?

A

Major duodenal papilla

also site of pancreaticoduodenal branches anastomoses

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3
Q

Esophagogastric junction

A

External physiological sphincter between abdominal esophagus and cardia of stomach

When contracted food stops and prevents gastric reflux (GERD)

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4
Q

The Z-line of the abdominal esophagus

A

Marks transition in mucosa from stratified squamous to simple columnar

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5
Q

What attaches abdominal esophagus to the esophageal hiatus?

A

Phrenic-esophageal ligaments

allows breathing and eating to function separately

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6
Q

Parts of the pyloris

A

Angular notch

Pyloric canal

Pyloric sphincter

in order of closest to the body to closest to the duodenum

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7
Q

Chyme

A

Food contents mixed with gastric juices and enzymes

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8
Q

Minor duodenal papilla vs major duodenal papilla

A

Minor is above the major in the descending duodenum

Minor = accessory pancreatic duct

Major = bile and main pancreatic ducts

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9
Q

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

The site of bile duct and main pancreatic duct meet up right before dumping into the major duodenal papilla in the descending duodenum.

Blockage causes pancreatitis from bile moving back into pancreas

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10
Q

Purpose of bile

A

Emulsifiers fats so that intestines can absorb it.

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11
Q

Movement pattern of bile from liver to major duodenal papilla

A

Right and left hepatic ducts -> *common hepatic -> bile duct -> *hepatopancreatic ampulla -> major duodenal papilla

  • common is site of gallbladder bile join via cystic duct. Hepatopancreatic is site of main pancreatic duct joining.*
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12
Q

Right and left triangular ligaments

A

Fusion of the coronary ligaments that anchor the liver to the diaphragm.

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13
Q

Contents of the portal triad (portal hepatis)

A

Hepatic proper artery

Common portal vein

Bile duct

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14
Q

What vein in the abdominal region does not come off directly from the IVC?

A

Left gonadal (testicular or ovarian)

Comes off left renal vein

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15
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

splenic and SMV join together

Drains and filters blood from the abdominal viscera before dumping it back into the IVC

-IMV also can partake but usually comes off splenic downstream

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16
Q

4 collateral pathways of portal-caval anastomoses

“(Portal -> caval vein)”

A

Left gastric -> esophageal veins

Paraumbilical -> epigastric veins

Superior rectal -> middle and inferior rectal veins

Left Colic -> retroperitoneal veins

  • All of these are possible when portal system/ liver is obstructed for any reason.
  • often seen in cirrhosis of the liver
17
Q

Cystohepatic triangle of Cabot is formed by what structures

A

Common hepatic duct

Cystic duct

Liver

site of Pringle maneuver when ligating arteries, veins and ducts during a cholecystectomy

18
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the foregut

A
  • T5-T9 presynaptic fibers leave from lateral gray horns and enter the sympathetic trunk, but DO NOT synapse.
  • leave trunk via greater splanchnic and move to celiac ganglia where they synapse.
  • postsynaptic fibers leave celiac ganglia and move to desired viscera and synapse there directly.
19
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of foregut

A

Directly from vagus nerve (CN X)

20
Q

Plicae circulares (valvulae conniventes)

A

Circular mucosal folds found throughout the jejunum and ileum (more concentrated in the jejunum)

Increase surface area of mucosa allowing increased absorption in the small intestine

21
Q

Usual quadrant locations of jejunum and ileum

A

jejunum = LUQ

Ileum = RLQ

22
Q

Peyers patches

A

Found in small intestine (much more common in ileum)

Monitor intestinal bacteria and prevent growth of pathogenic bacteria in intestines.

Also help prevent back flow of large intestine bacteria into small intestines.

23
Q

Common physcial differences between jejunum and ileum

A

Jejunum:

  • larger and thicker walls
  • long vasa Recta w/ few arterial arcades
  • less fatty mesentary

Ileum:

  • smaller and thinner walls
  • short vasa recta w/ many arterial arcades
  • more fatty mesentary
24
Q

Teniae coli

A

3 smooth muscle bands

aid in movement of bolus through the large intestines by contracting the haustra

25
Q

Omental appendages

A

Fatty omental projections from teniae coli

-unknown function

26
Q

Haustra

A

Sacculations of the large intestine wall that contract with teniae coli

Produce tonic contractions that move bolus through the large intestine

27
Q

Cecum

A

1st part of the ascending colon

  • contains illeoceal valve (not a sphincter, instead flap valve)
  • also site of appendix entrance
28
Q

3 main arterial anastomoses

A

Pancreaticoduodenal arteries
- supply collateral circulation between celiac trunk and SMA

Marginal arteries
-supply collateral circulation between SMA and IMA

Rectal arteries
-supply collateral circulation between IMA and internal iliac

29
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the midgut

A

T 10-12 presynaptic fibers move from lateral horn into sympathetic chain. DO NOT synapse here.

  • take lesser or least splanchnic nerves out of sympathetic chain and synapse onto the superior mesenteric ganglion.
  • post synaptic fibers travel to organs and viscera via the plexus where they directly synapse
30
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the hindgut

A

L1-2 presynaptic fibers move from lateral horn to sympathetic chains and do 1 of 2 things:

  • Distal 1/3 transverse colon -> superior rectum*
  • DONOT synapse and exit via lumbar splanchnic nerves and synapse onto inferior mesenteric ganglion. Postsynaptic fibers then leave ganglion and travel to organs and viscera to synapse directly on them.
  • inferior rectum above pectinate line*
  • synapse within the chain and post sympathetic fibers exit as lumbar (3rd-5th ganglia) and sacral (1st-3rd ganglia) splanchnic nerves to supply only the middle and inferior rectum
31
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the midgut

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

32
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of hindgut

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S1-2)

Anatomy (Block2) (12 decks)

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