Keywords

Question 1

Hypothesis

Intro + Hypothesis

Answer 1

Predicitons of an investigation outcome that makes make specific reference to the IVs and DVs

Intro + Hypothesis

Question 2

Aim

Intro + Hypothesis

Answer 2

Driven by theory + states the intent of the study in general terms

Intro + Hypothesis

Question 3

Independant Variable

Intro + Hypothesis

Answer 3

characteristics of an investigation that is manipulated/changed

Intro + Hypothesis

Question 4

Dependant Variable

Intro + Hypothesis

Answer 4

Variable that is being measured/tested in an experiment

Intro + Hypothesis

Question 5

Directional Hypothesis (One tailed)

Intro + Hypothesis

Answer 5

Predicts nature of the effect of the IV on the DV

Intro + Hypothesis

Question 6

Non-Directional (Two tailed)

Intro + Hypothesis

Answer 6

predicts the IV will have an effect on the DV, but direction of the effect is not specified

Intro + Hypothesis

Question 7

Extraneous Variables

Extraneous Variables

Answer 7

all variables, which are not independent variable, but could affect the results of the experiement

Extraneous Variables

Question 7

Situational Variable

Extraneous Variables

Answer 7

Factors in the environment that can unintentionally affect the DV

Extraneous Variables

Question 7

Null Hypothesis

Intro + Hypothesis

Answer 7

statement of no difference, or no relationship between the variables
E.g. prediciting there will be no effect

Intro + Hypothesis

Question 8

Participant Variable

Extraneous Variable

Answer 8

Individual characteristics of each participant that may impact how he or she responds in the experiment

Extraneous Variable

Question 9

Demand Characteristics

Extraneous Variables

Answer 9

Participants form an interpretation of the experiment a purpose + unconsciously change their behaviour to fit that interpretation

Extraneous Variables

Question 10

Investigator/Experiementer Effects

Extraneous Variables

Answer 10

Experimenter somehow conveys to participants how they should behave

Extraneous Variables

Question 11

Order Effects

Extraneous Variables

Answer 11

Any effect which comes from participants doing both conditions of the experiment

Extraneous Variables

Question 12

Social Desirability

Extraneous Variables

Answer 12

A participant wants to come across well to researchers

Extraneous Variables

Question 13

Placebo effect

Extraneous Variable

Answer 13

When people taking a drug qill feel how they expected to feel, not because the drug works, but because they believe the drug will work

Extraneous Variable

Question 14

Confounding variable

Extraneous Variables

Answer 14

Variable that is not independent variable but does vary systematically with the IV

Extraneous Variables

Question 15

Standardisation

Extraneous Variables

Answer 15

All aspects of the environment are standardised as much as possible

Extraneous Variables

Question 16

Single Bind

Extraneous Variables

Answer 16

Don’t tell participant what the study is about so they have no knowledge of what to expect from the outcome

Extraneous Variables

Question 17

Double Bind

Extraneous Variables

Answer 17

Participant is unaware + also get an external experiementer to conduct the experiment , who doesn’t know the aim

Extraneous Variables

Question 18

Random Allocation

Extraneous Variables

Answer 18

Randomly allocate participants to each conditions of the IV

Extraneous Variables

Question 19

Anonymity

Extraneous Variables

Answer 19

Make sure participants always know their results will be anonymous

Extraneous Variables

Question 20

Counterbalancing

Extraneous Variables

Answer 20

Change up the order of conditions for each participants/group, so half do condition 1 first and half do condition 2 first

Extraneous Variables

Question 21

Qualitative Data

Observations

Answer 21

Non-numeric information such as diaries

Observations

Question 22

Quantitative Data

Observations

Answer 22

Numerical information

Observations

Question 23

Primary Data | Observations

Answer 23

Collected by the researchers themselves | Observations

Question 24

Secondary Data | Observations

Answer 24

Collected from other researchers | Observations

Question 25

Naturalistic Observation | Observations

Answer 25

Takes place in a setting where the behaviour would naturally occur | Observations

Question 26

Controlled Observation | Observations

Answer 26

Carried out in a lab setting Researcher decides where, when the observation will take place and with which participants | Observations

Question 27

Validity | Observations

Answer 27

Are you testing what you say you are testing? | Observations

Question 28

Ecological Validity | Observations

Answer 28

Measures how generalizable experimental findings are to the real world | Observations

Question 29

Covert | Observations

Answer 29

Participants are unaware they are ebing observed | Observations

Question 30

Overt | Observations

Answer 30

Participants are aware they are being observed | Observations

Question 31

Participant Observation | Observations

Answer 31

The researcher joins in and becomes part of the group they are studying. | Observations

Question 32

Non-Participant Observation | Observations

Answer 32

Researcher remains detached from the observation | Observations

Question 33

Structured Observations

Question 34

Unstructured Observation | Observations

Answer 34

No set categories to look out for | Observations

Question 35

Observer Bias | Observations

Answer 35

The tendency to only see what we expect to see, or what we want to see, based on prior knowledge + subjective feelings about the group being studied | Observations

Question 36

Event Sampling | Observations

Answer 36

Recording the observation when targeted behaviours occur and record the occurance of the specifiefd behaviour when it occurs | Observations

Question 37

Time Sampling