Keywords Flashcards
Hypothesis
Intro + Hypothesis
Predicitons of an investigation outcome that makes make specific reference to the IVs and DVs
Intro + Hypothesis
Aim
Intro + Hypothesis
Driven by theory + states the intent of the study in general terms
Intro + Hypothesis
Independant Variable
Intro + Hypothesis
characteristics of an investigation that is manipulated/changed
Intro + Hypothesis
Dependant Variable
Intro + Hypothesis
Variable that is being measured/tested in an experiment
Intro + Hypothesis
Directional Hypothesis (One tailed)
Intro + Hypothesis
Predicts nature of the effect of the IV on the DV
Intro + Hypothesis
Non-Directional (Two tailed)
Intro + Hypothesis
predicts the IV will have an effect on the DV, but direction of the effect is not specified
Intro + Hypothesis
Extraneous Variables
Extraneous Variables
all variables, which are not independent variable, but could affect the results of the experiement
Extraneous Variables
Situational Variable
Extraneous Variables
Factors in the environment that can unintentionally affect the DV
Extraneous Variables
Null Hypothesis
Intro + Hypothesis
statement of no difference, or no relationship between the variables
E.g. prediciting there will be no effect
Intro + Hypothesis
Participant Variable
Extraneous Variable
Individual characteristics of each participant that may impact how he or she responds in the experiment
Extraneous Variable
Demand Characteristics
Extraneous Variables
Participants form an interpretation of the experiment a purpose + unconsciously change their behaviour to fit that interpretation
Extraneous Variables
Investigator/Experiementer Effects
Extraneous Variables
Experimenter somehow conveys to participants how they should behave
Extraneous Variables
Order Effects
Extraneous Variables
Any effect which comes from participants doing both conditions of the experiment
Extraneous Variables
Social Desirability
Extraneous Variables
A participant wants to come across well to researchers
Extraneous Variables
Placebo effect
Extraneous Variable
When people taking a drug qill feel how they expected to feel, not because the drug works, but because they believe the drug will work
Extraneous Variable
Confounding variable
Extraneous Variables
Variable that is not independent variable but does vary systematically with the IV
Extraneous Variables
Standardisation
Extraneous Variables
All aspects of the environment are standardised as much as possible
Extraneous Variables
Single Bind
Extraneous Variables
Don’t tell participant what the study is about so they have no knowledge of what to expect from the outcome
Extraneous Variables
Double Bind
Extraneous Variables
Participant is unaware + also get an external experiementer to conduct the experiment , who doesn’t know the aim
Extraneous Variables
Random Allocation
Extraneous Variables
Randomly allocate participants to each conditions of the IV
Extraneous Variables
Anonymity
Extraneous Variables
Make sure participants always know their results will be anonymous
Extraneous Variables
Counterbalancing
Extraneous Variables
Change up the order of conditions for each participants/group, so half do condition 1 first and half do condition 2 first
Extraneous Variables
Qualitative Data
Observations
Non-numeric information such as diaries
Observations
Quantitative Data
Observations
Numerical information
Observations
Primary Data
Observations
Collected by the researchers themselves
Observations
Secondary Data
Observations
Collected from other researchers
Observations
Naturalistic Observation
Observations
Takes place in a setting where the behaviour would naturally occur
Observations
Controlled Observation
Observations
Carried out in a lab setting
Researcher decides where, when the observation will take place and with which participants
Observations
Validity
Observations
Are you testing what you say you are testing?
Observations
Ecological Validity
Observations
Measures how generalizable experimental findings are to the real world
Observations
Covert
Observations
Participants are unaware they are ebing observed
Observations
Overt
Observations
Participants are aware they are being observed
Observations
Participant Observation
Observations
The researcher joins in and becomes part of the group they are studying.
Observations
Non-Participant Observation
Observations
Researcher remains detached from the observation
Observations
Structured Observations
Unstructured Observation
Observations
No set categories to look out for
Observations
Observer Bias
Observations
The tendency to only see what we expect to see, or what we want to see, based on prior knowledge + subjective feelings about the group being studied
Observations
Event Sampling
Observations
Recording the observation when targeted behaviours occur and record the occurance of the specifiefd behaviour when it occurs
Observations
Time Sampling
