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Psychology > Keywords > Flashcards

Keywords Flashcards

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1
Q

Hypothesis

Intro + Hypothesis

A

Predicitons of an investigation outcome that makes make specific reference to the IVs and DVs

Intro + Hypothesis

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2
Q

Aim

Intro + Hypothesis

A

Driven by theory + states the intent of the study in general terms

Intro + Hypothesis

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3
Q

Independant Variable

Intro + Hypothesis

A

characteristics of an investigation that is manipulated/changed

Intro + Hypothesis

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4
Q

Dependant Variable

Intro + Hypothesis

A

Variable that is being measured/tested in an experiment

Intro + Hypothesis

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5
Q

Directional Hypothesis (One tailed)

Intro + Hypothesis

A

Predicts nature of the effect of the IV on the DV

Intro + Hypothesis

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6
Q

Non-Directional (Two tailed)

Intro + Hypothesis

A

predicts the IV will have an effect on the DV, but direction of the effect is not specified

Intro + Hypothesis

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7
Q

Extraneous Variables

Extraneous Variables

A

all variables, which are not independent variable, but could affect the results of the experiement

Extraneous Variables

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7
Q

Situational Variable

Extraneous Variables

A

Factors in the environment that can unintentionally affect the DV

Extraneous Variables

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7
Q

Null Hypothesis

Intro + Hypothesis

A

statement of no difference, or no relationship between the variables
E.g. prediciting there will be no effect

Intro + Hypothesis

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8
Q

Participant Variable

Extraneous Variable

A

Individual characteristics of each participant that may impact how he or she responds in the experiment

Extraneous Variable

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9
Q

Demand Characteristics

Extraneous Variables

A

Participants form an interpretation of the experiment a purpose + unconsciously change their behaviour to fit that interpretation

Extraneous Variables

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10
Q

Investigator/Experiementer Effects

Extraneous Variables

A

Experimenter somehow conveys to participants how they should behave

Extraneous Variables

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11
Q

Order Effects

Extraneous Variables

A

Any effect which comes from participants doing both conditions of the experiment

Extraneous Variables

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12
Q

Social Desirability

Extraneous Variables

A

A participant wants to come across well to researchers

Extraneous Variables

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13
Q

Placebo effect

Extraneous Variable

A

When people taking a drug qill feel how they expected to feel, not because the drug works, but because they believe the drug will work

Extraneous Variable

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14
Q

Confounding variable

Extraneous Variables

A

Variable that is not independent variable but does vary systematically with the IV

Extraneous Variables

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15
Q

Standardisation

Extraneous Variables

A

All aspects of the environment are standardised as much as possible

Extraneous Variables

16
Q

Single Bind

Extraneous Variables

A

Don’t tell participant what the study is about so they have no knowledge of what to expect from the outcome

Extraneous Variables

17
Q

Double Bind

Extraneous Variables

A

Participant is unaware + also get an external experiementer to conduct the experiment , who doesn’t know the aim

Extraneous Variables

18
Q

Random Allocation

Extraneous Variables

A

Randomly allocate participants to each conditions of the IV

Extraneous Variables

19
Q

Anonymity

Extraneous Variables

A

Make sure participants always know their results will be anonymous

Extraneous Variables

20
Q

Counterbalancing

Extraneous Variables

A

Change up the order of conditions for each participants/group, so half do condition 1 first and half do condition 2 first

Extraneous Variables

21
Q

Qualitative Data

Observations

A

Non-numeric information such as diaries

Observations

22
Q

Quantitative Data

Observations

A

Numerical information

Observations

23
Q

Primary Data

Observations

A

Collected by the researchers themselves

Observations

24
Q

Secondary Data

Observations

A

Collected from other researchers

Observations

25
Q

Naturalistic Observation

Observations

A

Takes place in a setting where the behaviour would naturally occur

Observations

26
Q

Controlled Observation

Observations

A

Carried out in a lab setting
Researcher decides where, when the observation will take place and with which participants

Observations

27
Q

Validity

Observations

A

Are you testing what you say you are testing?

Observations

28
Q

Ecological Validity

Observations

A

Measures how generalizable experimental findings are to the real world

Observations

29
Q

Covert

Observations

A

Participants are unaware they are ebing observed

Observations

30
Q

Overt

Observations

A

Participants are aware they are being observed

Observations

31
Q

Participant Observation

Observations

A

The researcher joins in and becomes part of the group they are studying.

Observations

32
Q

Non-Participant Observation

Observations

A

Researcher remains detached from the observation

Observations

33
Q

Structured Observations

A
34
Q

Unstructured Observation

Observations

A

No set categories to look out for

Observations

35
Q

Observer Bias

Observations

A

The tendency to only see what we expect to see, or what we want to see, based on prior knowledge + subjective feelings about the group being studied

Observations

36
Q

Event Sampling

Observations

A

Recording the observation when targeted behaviours occur and record the occurance of the specifiefd behaviour when it occurs

Observations

37
Q

Time Sampling

A
38
Q
A
39
Q
A

Psychology (8 decks)

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