Key Words Flashcards

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1
Q

Centrioles

A

Structures found in the cytoplasm made of microtubules that produce spindle fibres during mitosis

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2
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Organelles found in plants and algae that are the site of photosynthesis

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3
Q

Cilia

A

Small hairlike structures that project from the surface of cells

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4
Q

Confocal microscopy

A

A type of microscopy that uses lasers to scan a specimen point by point to produce an image

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5
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A mesh of protein fibres found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells used for structural support and intracellular transport

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6
Q

Differential staining

A

Using multiple different stains to distinguish different parts of the specimen

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7
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

A type of cell that contains a nucleus along with membrane bound organelles

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8
Q

Flagell

A

A Whip-like structure found on bacterial cells that is used for cell movement

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9
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

And organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins

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10
Q

Light microscope

A

A type of microscope that uses a series of lenses to magnify the visible light reflecting off the specimen

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11
Q

Lysosomes

A

Membrane-bound vesicles found in the cytoplasm that contain a hydrolytic enzymes called lysozyme

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12
Q

Magnification

A

How much bigger an image appears compare to the original objects calculated using the formula
image size = actual size X magnification

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13
Q

Mitochondrion

A

And organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is the site of aerobic respiration

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14
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

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15
Q

Nucleolus

A

A structure found inside the nucleus that contains proteins and RNA and is involved in synthesising new ribosomes

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16
Q

Nucleus

A

And organelle found in eukaryotic cells that stores the genetic information of the cell as chromosomes and is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope

17
Q

Plasma membrane

A

A semipermeable lipid bilayer studded with proteins that surround the cell and many organelles

18
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

The type of cell that does not contain any membrane-bound organelles or a nucleus

19
Q

Resolution

A

The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen

20
Q

Ribosomes

A

Organelles found either in the cytoplasm or membrane-bound that are involved in the synthesis of proteins

21
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

A membrane-bound organelle that is involved in the synthesis and packaging of proteins

22
Q

Scanning electron microscope

A

The type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen to produce an image

23
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

A membrane-bound organelle involved in lipid synthesis

24
Q

Transmission electron microscope

A

A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons for a sample to produce an image

25
Q

Adhesion

A

A property of water molecules that creates an attraction between them and surfaces that they are in contact with

26
Q

Amino acid

A

The monomers containing an amino group the carboxyl group and a variable R group that make up proteins

27
Q

Amylopectin

A

Are you branched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by alpha 1,6 glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylose

28
Q

Amylose

A

An hnbrwnched polysaccharide

29
Q

Anions

A

An ion with a negative charge

30
Q

Benedicts test

A

A biochemical test used to detect the presence of reducing sugars in a solution and distinguish between solutions of different reducing sugar concentrations

31
Q

Biuret test

A

A biochemical test that produces a purple colour when it is added to a solution containing a protein

32
Q

Cations

A

An ion with a positive charge

33
Q

Cellulose

A

A linear polysaccharide that is the main component of the cell wall in plants and is made up if many beta glucose molecules joined by beta 1-4 glycosidic bonds

34
Q

Chromatography

A

A technique used to separate different molecules in a solution by their different properties

35
Q

Cohesion

A

A property of water molecules that creates an attraction and causes them to stick together

36
Q

Collagen

A

A type of fibrous protein that provides strength to many different cell types and makes up connective tissues

37
Q

Condensation reaction

A

A type of reaction which joins two molecules together using water with the formation of a chemical bond

38
Q

Conjugated protein

A

A protein with a prosthetic group bound to it

39
Q

Elastin

A

A type of fibrous protein that allows tissues and structures like blood vessels to stretch and return to their original shape