Key Words Flashcards
Centrioles
Structures found in the cytoplasm made of microtubules that produce spindle fibres during mitosis
Chloroplasts
Organelles found in plants and algae that are the site of photosynthesis
Cilia
Small hairlike structures that project from the surface of cells
Confocal microscopy
A type of microscopy that uses lasers to scan a specimen point by point to produce an image
Cytoskeleton
A mesh of protein fibres found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells used for structural support and intracellular transport
Differential staining
Using multiple different stains to distinguish different parts of the specimen
Eukaryotic cell
A type of cell that contains a nucleus along with membrane bound organelles
Flagell
A Whip-like structure found on bacterial cells that is used for cell movement
Golgi apparatus
And organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins
Light microscope
A type of microscope that uses a series of lenses to magnify the visible light reflecting off the specimen
Lysosomes
Membrane-bound vesicles found in the cytoplasm that contain a hydrolytic enzymes called lysozyme
Magnification
How much bigger an image appears compare to the original objects calculated using the formula
image size = actual size X magnification
Mitochondrion
And organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is the site of aerobic respiration
Nuclear envelope
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus
Nucleolus
A structure found inside the nucleus that contains proteins and RNA and is involved in synthesising new ribosomes
Nucleus
And organelle found in eukaryotic cells that stores the genetic information of the cell as chromosomes and is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope
Plasma membrane
A semipermeable lipid bilayer studded with proteins that surround the cell and many organelles
Prokaryotic cell
The type of cell that does not contain any membrane-bound organelles or a nucleus
Resolution
The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen
Ribosomes
Organelles found either in the cytoplasm or membrane-bound that are involved in the synthesis of proteins
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
A membrane-bound organelle that is involved in the synthesis and packaging of proteins
Scanning electron microscope
The type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen to produce an image
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A membrane-bound organelle involved in lipid synthesis
Transmission electron microscope
A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons for a sample to produce an image
Adhesion
A property of water molecules that creates an attraction between them and surfaces that they are in contact with
Amino acid
The monomers containing an amino group the carboxyl group and a variable R group that make up proteins
Amylopectin
Are you branched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by alpha 1,6 glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylose
Amylose
An hnbrwnched polysaccharide
Anions
An ion with a negative charge
Benedicts test
A biochemical test used to detect the presence of reducing sugars in a solution and distinguish between solutions of different reducing sugar concentrations
Biuret test
A biochemical test that produces a purple colour when it is added to a solution containing a protein
Cations
An ion with a positive charge
Cellulose
A linear polysaccharide that is the main component of the cell wall in plants and is made up if many beta glucose molecules joined by beta 1-4 glycosidic bonds
Chromatography
A technique used to separate different molecules in a solution by their different properties
Cohesion
A property of water molecules that creates an attraction and causes them to stick together
Collagen
A type of fibrous protein that provides strength to many different cell types and makes up connective tissues
Condensation reaction
A type of reaction which joins two molecules together using water with the formation of a chemical bond
Conjugated protein
A protein with a prosthetic group bound to it
Elastin
A type of fibrous protein that allows tissues and structures like blood vessels to stretch and return to their original shape
