Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Module 2 > 3.3 Carbohydrates > Flashcards

3.3 Carbohydrates Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a carbohydrate

A

A molecule that only contains the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the normal elemental ratio of a carbohydrate

A

Cx(H20)y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is another way of referring to carbohydrates

A

saccharides or sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a single sugar unit know as

A

Monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are examples of monosaccharides

A

Fructose, ribose and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a disaccharide

A

When two monosaccharides link together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are two disaccharides

A

Lactose and sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a polysaccharide

A

When two or more (usually many more) monosaccharides link together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are examples of polysaccharides

A

Glycogen, cellulose and starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the chemical formula or glucose

A

C6H12O6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is glucose composed of

A

6 carbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is glucose as it has 6 carbons

A

Hexose monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two structural variations of glucose

A

Alpha and beta glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose

A 
The OH (hydroxyl) group are in opposite positions 
In alpha it is at the bottom whereas in beta it is at the top
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some characteristics of glucose

A

They are polar and soluble in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why are glucose molecules soluble in water and polar

A

Due to the hydrogen bonds that form between the hydroxyl groups and water molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is solubility of glucose important

A

It means that glucose is dissolved in the cytosol of the cell

18
Q

What happens when two alpha glucose molecules are side by side

A

The two hydroxyl groups interact causing bonds to be broken and new bonds reformed in different places producing new molecules

19
Q

What bond is formed between carbons 1 and 4 on the two alpha glucose molecules that are reacting

A

1,4 glycosidic bond

20
Q

What is the product of the condensation reaction between two alpha glucose molecules

A

Maltose and water

21
Q

What is a condensation reaction

A

When a water molecule is formed as one of the products of a reaction

22
Q

What are two hexose monosaccharides

A

Fructose and galactose

23
Q

What is fructose often in combination with forming sugar

A

Glucose forming the disaccharide sucrose

24
Q

What are pentose monosaccharides

A

Sugars that contain 5 carbon atoms

25
Q

What are two pentose sugars and why are they important

A

Ribose is present in RNA nucleotides

Deoxyribose is the sugar in DNA

26
Q

How is starch formed

A

Glucose made by photosynthesis is stored as starch and is made when alpha glucose molecules are joined by glycosidic bonds to form two slightly different polysaccharides collectively known as starch

27
Q

What are the two starch polysaccharides

A

Amylose and amylopectin

28
Q

How is amylose formed

A

Formed by alpha glucose molecules joined together by only 1,4 glycosidic bonds

29
Q

What is the shape of amylose

A

Helix

30
Q

How is amylopectin formed

A

Also made by 1,4 glycosidic bonds between alpha glucose molecules but also there are some glycosidic bonds formed from the condensation reaction between carbon 1 and 6

31
Q

What is the animal and fungi equivalent energy store to starch

A

Glycogen

32
Q

Why is having a store of glycogen important

A

Because animals are mobile unlike plants

33
Q

Why is the coiling/branching of polysaccharides beneficial

A

It makes them compact for storage. It also means there are free ends where glucose molecules can be added or removed

34
Q

What type of reaction is used to release glucose, starch or glycogen

A

Hydrolysis reaction

Reverse of a condensation reaction) (adds water molecules

35
Q

How to beta glucose molecules join together

A

One molecule is flipped so the hydroxyl groups are close enough together to react

36
Q

Why does one beta glucose molecule have to be flipped

A

Because otherwise the hydroxyl groups on carbon 1 and 4 are too far away from each other to react

37
Q

What sort of chain do two beta glucose molecules form

A

They form a straight chain molecule called cellulose because it is unable to coil or form branches

38
Q

What is formed when cellulose molecules make hydrogen bonds with each other

A

Microfibrils

39
Q

What is made when microfibrils join together

A

Macrofibrils

40
Q

What do macrofibrils combing to produce

A

Cellulose fibres

41
Q

What is the role of the fibres which are made by macrofibrils

A

Used to make cells walls

42
Q

What are the properties of the fibres made by macrofibrils

A

They are strong and insoluble

Biology Module 2 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions