Key Words Flashcards
Aldehyde
An organic compound with the general formula RCHO
Alkaline earth metal
Metals in group 2 of the periodic table
Alkane
The hydrocarbon with C-C and C-H single bond
Allotopes
Pure elements which can exist in different physical forms in which their atoms are arranged differently.
Anaerobic respiration
The process which energy is released and new compounds fromed in living things in the absences of oxygen
Atom economy
Efficiently of a chemical reaction by comparing the total number of atoms in the product with starting total
Atomic orbital
A region space around an atomic nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electron
Avogadro constant
The total number of particles in a mole of substance.
Bond dissociation enthalpy
The enthalpy change required to break a covalent bond with all species in the gaseous state
Calorimeter
An instrument for measuring the heat change that accompany a chemical reaction
Catalyst
A substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the reaction
Catalytic cracking
The breaking, with the aid of a catalyst, of long chain alkane molecules into shorter hydrocarbons
Carbocation
An organic ion in which one of the carbon atoms has a positive charge
Carbon-netraul
A process or series of processes in which as much carbon dioxide is absorbed from the air as is given out
Chemical feedstock
The starting materials in an industrial chemical reaction
Co-ordinate bonding
Covalent bonding in which both electrons in the bond come from one of the atoms in the bond
Covalent bonding
Describes a chemical bond in pair of electrons are shared between two atoms
Activation energy
The minimum energy that a particle in order to react: the energy difference between the reactants and transition state
Dative covalent bond
Covalent bonding in which both electrons in the bond come from one the binds in the pair
Delocalised electron
Describes electron that are spread over several atoms and help to bond them together
Dipole-dipole force
An intermolecular force that results from the attraction between molecules with permeant dipoles
Displacement reaction
A chemical reaction in which one atom or group of atom replaces another in a compound
Displayed formula
The formula of a compound drawn out so that each atom and each bond is shown
Disproportionation
Describes a redox reaction in which the oxidation number of some atoms of a particular element increases and that of other atoms of the same element decreases
Dynamic equilibrium
A situation in which the composition of a contrast concentration reaction mixture does not change because both forward and backward reactions are proceeding at the same rate
Electron density
The probability of electrons being found in a particular volume of space
Electron pair repulsion theory
A theory which explains the shapes of simple molecules by assuming that pairs of electrons around a central atom repel each other and thus take up positions as far away as possible from each other in space
Electronegativity
The power of an atom to attract the electrons in covalent bond
Electrophile
An electron-deficient atom, ion or molecules that takes part in an organic reaction by attacking areas of high electron density in another reactant
Electrophilic addition
A reaction in which a carbon-carbon double bond is attacking an electrophile
Electrostatic forces
The forces of attraction and repulsion between electrically charged particles
Elimination
A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is removed from a rectant
Empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
Endothermic
Describes a reaction in which heat is taken in as the reactant change to products
Enthalpy change
A measure of heat energy given out and taken in when a chemical or physical change occurs at constant pressure
Enthalpy diagrams
Diagrams in which the enthalpies of the reactants and products of a chemical reaction are plotted on a vertical scale to show their relative levels