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Chemistry > Atomic Structure 1.1 > Flashcards

Atomic Structure 1.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Developing ideas of the atom

1803

A

John dalton

Atoms couldn’t be broken down

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2
Q

Developing ideas of the atom

1896

A

Henri becquerel
Electrons have a negative charge and proton has a positive charge

J Thomson
Discovered electrons

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3
Q

Developing ideas of the atom

1911

A

Ernest Rutherford

Most of the mass and all the positive charge was in the Center the nucleus

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4
Q

Arrangement of sub-atomic particle

A

Proton and neutrons are held in the centre by a strong nuclear force stronger than the electrostatic force between protons and electrons

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5
Q

Atomic number

A

Proton number

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6
Q

Mass number

A

Protons + neurton

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7
Q

Isotope

A
  • Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
  • react chemically exactly the same ( same electron configuration)
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8
Q

Caron dating

A

Radioactive isotopes have a half life ( the time taken for half of its radioactivity by half)

Carbon-14
Half life of 5730 years
Date organic matter

Decays at a constant rate

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9
Q

Electron shells

First shell

A

2

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10
Q

Electron shells

Second shell

A

8

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11
Q

Electron shells

Third shell

A

18

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12
Q

Relative atom mass

A

1/12 of 1 atom of 12C

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13
Q

Relative molecular mass

A

1/12 of 1 atom of 12C

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14
Q

Mass spectrometer

Vacuum

A

High vacuum to prevent ions that are colliding with molecules from the air

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15
Q

Mass spectrometer

Ionisation

A

Dissolved in a volatile solvent and forced through a fine hollow needle that is connected to the positive terminal
Ion that have lost their electron.

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16
Q

Mass spectrometer

Acceleration

A

Positive ions are attracted towards the negative plate

Lighter ions move quicker

17
Q

Mass spectrometer

Ion drift

A

Ion pass through a hole in the negatively charged plate

18
Q

Mass spectrometer

Detection

A

Flight times recorded, positive ions gain an electron causing a charge and becomes neutral its self

19
Q

Mass spectrometer

Data analysis

A

Sign from the detector is passed into a computer which generates a mass spectrum

20
Q

Low resolution mass spectrometry

A

Measured to the nearest whole number

21
Q

S-orbitals can hold ? Electrons

A

2

22
Q

P-orbital can hold ? Electrons

A

6

23
Q

D-orbital can hold ? Electron

A

10

24
Q

Spin

A

Two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins

25
Q

first Ionisation energy (IE)

A

Energy require to remove one mole of electrons from a mole of atoms in the gaseous state

26
Q

Trends in ionisation energy across a period

Period 3 (Na–Ar)

A

Increase
Nuclear charge increses ( add a proton)
More difficult to remove an electron

27
Q

Trend in ionsation energies down a group

Group 2 (Be–Ba)

A

Decease

Shielding

28
Q

Developing ideas of the atom

1661

A

Robert Boyle

Some substances couldn’t be made smaller

29
Q

outline how the mass spectrometer is able to separate these two species to give two peaks

A
  • positive ion
  • accelerated by the electric field
  • to a constant kinetic energy
  • the lightest ion registered first
30
Q

What is carbon 14 used for

A

Carbon dating
Smoke alarms
Chemical
Medical ( can indicate cancer and other diseases)

31
Q

Blip in the ionisation energy

A

Outer electron in Al is 3p orbital, slightly more energy is needed

New shell
Orbital

32
Q

Down a group

A

Gets bigger
Atoms
Shielding ( another shell of electrons added each time)

33
Q

1st ionisation energy across the period 4 elements

A

Zn — Ga (ionisation energy reduces)

It happens because different orbitals need different amounts of energy to break the repulsion between paired electrons so it is easier to remove an electron

34
Q

Relative electron charge

A

1/1840

35
Q

Arrangement of the sub-atomic particles

A

Protons and neutrons are in the centre of the atom in the nucleus, held together by the strong nuclear force which is stronger than the electrostatic forces

36
Q

Spin

A

Electrons have a property called spin

Two electrons in the same orbital need have the same spin
Respected by an arrow

37
Q

what is a mass spectrometer ?

A

it is used to identify elements

can be used to determine relative molecular mass

Chemistry (20 decks)

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