Introduction To Organic Chemistry 11 Flashcards
Displayed formula
Shows every atom and every bond in the molecule
Structural formula
Each carbon is written separately with the atoms or groups that are attached
CH3CH3
Skeletal formulae
Only draw lines carbon to carbon
Number of carbons 1 2 3 4 5 6
Meth Eth Prop But Pent Hex
Functional group
Alkane
-ane
Functional group
Alkene
-ene
Functional group
Halogenalkene
None
Functional group
Alcohols
-ol
Functional group
Aldehydes
-al
Functional group
Ketones
-one
Functional group
Carboxylic acid
-oic acid
Carbon
Four electrons in outer shell
Four covalent bonds
Carbon-carbon bonds relatively strong
Prefix
Side chain
Added to the beginning
Methyl
Ethyl
Propyl
Butyl
Structural isomerism ( positional)
-same functional group attached to the main chain at different points
Structural isomerism ( functional group)
Different functional group
Structural group ( chain isomerism)
Different arrangement of the hydrocarbon chain such as branching
Stereoisomerism
Two or more compounds have the same stuctural formula
E ( looks like a z)
Z ( looks like a E)
Have limited rotation with a double bond
Prefix halogenalkane
Fluoro
Chloro
Bromo
Iodo
Homologous series
A set of organic compounds with the same functional group. The compounds differ in the length of their carbon chains
Structural isomer
Structural isomers are defined as having the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
empirical formula
a formula giving the proportions of the elements present in a compound but not the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms
molecular formula
A chemical formula that shows the total number and kinds of atoms in a molecule, but not their structural arrangement
general formula
A general formula is a type of empirical formula that represents the composition of any member of an entire class of compounds
