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History- India > Key Topic 1 > Flashcards

Key Topic 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the first meeting of the INC

A

1885

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2
Q

By 1914 what was the membership of the INC

A

100,000

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3
Q

When was the AIML established

A

1906 in Dhaka
3,000 delegates attended

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4
Q

How did WW1 change perceptions for Indians

A
  • British referred to the war as being to defend the rights of nations, stressed the importance of democracy and self-determination
  • many Indians assimilated to these views and began applying to their situation at home
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5
Q

British control of the Raj (4)

A
  • Viceroy
  • Secretary of State for India
  • Council of India (based in London)
  • Indian Civil Service
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6
Q

How much of India were princely states

A

35% of the country

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7
Q

Why did Princely states not challenge the British

A
  • Not directly subject to the Raj
  • all had treaty arrangements with Britain which allowed autonomy
  • each state under the ‘protection’ of Britain, so couldn’t instigate any action
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8
Q

Population in 1914

A

300 million- 70% Hindu

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9
Q

What established separate electorates

A

Indian Councils Act 1909

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10
Q

What was the outbreak of war met with

A

Instant declarations of loyalty from all sections of Indian society

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11
Q

Princely state support for WW1

A
  • 27 of the largest princely stats put their armies at disposal
  • Provisioned the Hospital ship SS Loyalty
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12
Q

By 1918 how many Indians enlisted in the War

A

over 800,000

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13
Q

How many Indians died in the war

A

Estimated 64,500

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14
Q

By the end of the war, how much did Indian revenues contribute to the war effort

A

over £146 million

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15
Q

How much did the price of food grain rise by during the war

A

93%

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16
Q

What industries benefitted from WW1

A

Cotton, iron, steel and sugar

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17
Q

Dividends from Cloth mills during the war

A

Jumped from 6% in 1914 to over 30% in 1917

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18
Q

What did WW1 fracture

A

Anglo-Indian economic interdependence- by the end of the war, India was exporting as much cotton to USA and Japan

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19
Q

The Montagu Declaration 1917

A
  • implicitly committed the British government to granting some form of self-government to India
  • But no timescale given
20
Q

What did the Rowlatt Act 1919 include (3)

A
  • imprisonment without trial
  • trial without jury
  • censorship
21
Q

Evidence to show Indians being against the Rowlatt Act

A

All 22 Indian members of the Indian Legislative Council opposed the Act

22
Q

Where was there opposition to the Rowlatt Acts

A

Punjab, Amritsar
- Hartals were organised, Hindu-Muslim solidarity

23
Q

Who was the governor of the Punjab in 1919

A

Michael O’Dwyer

24
Q

What was happening on the 13th april 1919

A

Baisakhi Day- one of the most important religious festivals in the Punjab

25
Q

What were people doing in Jallianwala Bagh (2)

A
  • Families converged, intending to say for the duration of the festival
  • Arrangements were also made for a political meeting in part of the Bagh
26
Q

What did Dyer do (4)

A
  • No word of warning
  • killed 379, injured 1,500
  • fired 1,650 rounds of ammunition
  • imposed martial law
27
Q

What was the martial law that Dyer imposed (4)

A
  • designed to humiliate the Indians living there
  • any Indian who passed a European had to salaam
  • Public floggings
  • imposed a crawling order
28
Q

What did the Hunter commission find

A

No evidence of a conspiracy to overthrow the Raj

29
Q

What happened to Dyer and O’Dwyer

A

Dyer- roundly censured, forced to resign
O’Dwyer- lightly reprimanded

30
Q

What was the other committee investigating Amritsar

A

Punjab Sub-Committee of the INC published its own inquiry

31
Q

What did the Punjab Sub-committee publish

A
  • Final report included graphic photographs, indictment of the way India was governed
  • auroused deep feelings of anger and resentment from other Indians
32
Q

How did Dyarchy work (2)

A
  • Viceroy could enforce laws even if legislative council rejected them
  • reserved seats for different religious groups
33
Q

By 1919 how many Indians could vote

A

10% of the adult population was enfranchised

34
Q

Reaction to 1919 GOIA (3)

A
  • Right wing members of the HoC convinced gov was soon going to loose India
  • Left wing members concerned, hadn’t gone far enough
  • Indian Civil Service concerned about their authority
35
Q

What was the resolution of the 1916 Lucknow Pact

A
  • agreed that number of Muslims in the provincial legislatures should be laid down province by province
  • separate electorates for all communities unless requested a joint one
36
Q

What does the Lucknow Pact show

A
  • Hindu Muslim unity
  • alliance between the 2 organisations signalled to the British that Indian nationalism was gaining strength
37
Q

Success of Home Rule League (2)

A
  • Tilak’s had 32,000 members
  • All India Home Rule League, started by Annie Besant was nationwide
38
Q

What was Home Rule focused

A
  • focused on domestic affairs
  • did not necessarily mean separation from the Raj
  • Besant and Tilak toured widely giving public lectures, used newspapers and rallies to generate support
39
Q

Who joined Annie Besant’s Home rule league

A

Jinnah joined in 1917

40
Q

What was the most important impact of the Home Rule Leagues

A

Spread political awareness in previously unpoliticised provinces

41
Q

British response to the Home Rule Leagues

A
  • Tilak arrested for sedition
  • Besant interned in 1917
  • COUNTERPRODUCTIVE, both the INC and AIML swung support for the Home Rule
42
Q

Indian reaction to the 1919 GOIA

A
  • Hindus hated the idea of ‘reserved seats’, saw it as divisive and undemocratic
  • reflected on the contrast between the weeks to pass the Rowlatt Act and the years to pass the GOIA
43
Q

What did the INC do in response to the Montagu declaration

A

Rejected the Montagu reforms
- Boycotted the first election held under 1919 Act

44
Q

What did Gandhi call in response to the Rowlatt Act

A

Satyagraha and a series of hartals
BUT devolved into violence in the Gujarat and the Punjab

45
Q

General Dyer support in Britain

A

‘Morning Post’ raised £26,000 for him

46
Q

What was the Ghadr Movement

A

Growing movement of anti-British Indians (1915)

47
Q

How many were arrested in the Ghadr Movement

A

5,000

History- India (10 decks)

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