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History- India > Jinnah and the Muslim League 1914-1930 > Flashcards

Jinnah and the Muslim League 1914-1930 Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of India were Muslim

A

20%

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2
Q

Where were most muslims situated

A

North East and North West

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3
Q

When was the AIML formed

A

1906 in Dhaka

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4
Q

What created separate electorates

A

Indian Councils Act 1909

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5
Q

When was the Lucknow pact

A

1916

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6
Q

What caused the AIML and Congress working together (3)

A
  • -Annulment of the partition of Bengal
  • -Declaration of War against Turkey in 1914 caused resentment
  • -Jinnah tried to bring the organisations together for the aim of self-government
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7
Q

Why did the annulment of the partition of Bengal cause resentment

A
  • Muslims saw this as the British implying that they were no longer sympathetic to separate electorates
  • in 1913 demanded separation from the Raj
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8
Q

What was the resolution of the Lucknow Pact (3)

A
  • agreed the number of muslims in the provincial legislatures
  • separate electorates for all comunities unless requested a joint one
  • muslims had been given assurances by Hindus
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9
Q

What was muslim minority concern

A

Wanted a guaranteed voice in any new constututional arrangement
-that would inevitably be dominated by hindu majority

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10
Q

When was the Khilafat movement

A

1919-1923

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11
Q

Causes to the Khilafat Movement

A

Muslim movement of protest against the post-war break up of the Ottoman Empire

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12
Q

How did Congress support the Khilifat movement

A

In 1920 Congress passed a resolution in support of the Khilifat

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13
Q

Why did Gandhi support the Khilafat movement

A

Gained the support of a large number of muslim spiritual and political leaders for non-violent non-cooperation

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14
Q

Jinnah’s attitude to Khilifat and Gandhi

A

-Opposed Gandhi support
-opportunistic
-forming schisms amongst muslims

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15
Q

When was the collapse of the Khilafat movement

A

1923

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16
Q

Reasons for Khilafat movement collapse (3)

A
  • Turkey rejected Khilafat and became secular
  • religious aspects alienated western-orientated politicians like Jinnah
  • Muslims uncomfortable with Gandhi’s leadership
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17
Q

% of muslim delegates in Congress (2)

A

1921- 10.9% muslim
1923- 3.6% muslim

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18
Q

Muslim organisations increasing separateness (2)

A

Tanzeem and Tabligh movements

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19
Q

What was the aim of the Tanzeem and Tabligh movements

A

-strengthen muslim communities
-Tanzeem focused on organisation
-Tabligh focused on the promotion of Islam

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20
Q

What did the Tanzeem and Tabligh movements represent

A

Resurgence of muslim consciousness

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21
Q

Anti-Hindu sentiment

A

-grew rapidly especially in poor urban areas (blamed Hindus whereas previously blamed the Raj)

22
Q

Who ensured more vigorous muslim preaching and better religious education

A

Anjuman Tabligh-ul-Islam

23
Q

What were Anjuman’s religious focuses

A

Economic plight
of muslim group who were constrained by the power and influence of Hindu commercial communities

24
Q

What exacerbated separateness and why

A

Strict position of neutrality of the Raj
-each group believed they had equal rights to carry out their own religious practices

25
Q

Worship differences

A

*Hindus- used gongs, bells and cymbals to pray
*Muslims- prayed in silence

26
Q

Festival differences

A

*Hindus- Holi was noisome and troublesome to Muslims
*Muslims- Bakr’id ritually slaughtered cows

27
Q

Hindu Organisations increasing separateness (3)

A

-Arya Samj
-Cow Protection Scoiety
-Mahasabha

28
Q

Actions of Arya Samj increasing separateness (3)

A

-openly criticised Islam
-Argued for the protection of cows
-Attempted to have Hindi replace Urdu as language of administration

29
Q

How did the Raj emphasise separateness politically

A

Separate electorates
-ensured that the concept of separateness was further enshrined and emphasised in political solutions and institutions

30
Q

Who were the 2 brothers that started the Khilifat movement

A

Shaukat Ali and Mohammed Ali

31
Q

What do Hindus believe about God

A

Recognise one God Brahaman, but worship through deities that represent this God

32
Q

What was the resurgence of muslim consciousness characterized by

A

Martial overtones and anti-Hindu sentiment

33
Q

Where was there less religious friction

A

Princely states- princes didn’t maintain a neutral religious position

34
Q

Who were major donors to Arya Samj

A

Hindu merchant and money-lending class on whom the lower-class muslims depended on for economic security

35
Q

How else did the Raj emphasise separateness

A

Making provisions for separate electorates
-Montagu Declaration 1917
-Government of India Act 1919

36
Q

When was there a major Hindu-Muslim riot

A

1923 in Nagpur

37
Q

What was the RSS party

A

a fundamentalist hindu nationalist party

38
Q

Muslim reaction to Simon Commission

A

-large section (Jinnah) boycott the commission
-some helped the commission, were worried about the prospect of a hindu dominated Congress

39
Q

When was the Delhi Proposal

A

1927

40
Q

What did Jinnah offer in the Delhi proposal

A

drop the AIML support for separate electorates

41
Q

What did Jinnah want out of the Delhi proposal (3)

A
  • creation of 2 new Muslim majority provinces (Sind and North-western Frontier)
  • assurance that the number of Hindus and Muslims elected reflect the local population (Punjab and the Bengal)
  • Muslim representation in central legislature is a 1/3
42
Q

What did Congress do to the Delhi proposal

A

Rejected Jinnah’s arguments- Jinnah regarded this as a plan to exclude Muslims from the mainstream movement

43
Q

What member of the Mahasabha did Jinnah clash with

A

Jayakar

44
Q

When were Jinnah’s 14 points

A

1929

45
Q

Who rejected Jinnah’s 14 points

A

Both Congress and AIML

46
Q

What did Jinnah demand in RTC2

A

Separate electorates for their communities

47
Q

How did Gandhi create separateness

A

Used Hinduism as a political tool

48
Q

What term did Gandhi use to describe independent India

A

Ram Rajya- hindu term, alienated many muslims

49
Q

How did muslim detractors see Gandhi

A

front man for Hindu-revivalism

50
Q

1927 Nagpur riots stats

A

22 killed 100 injured

51
Q

1931 Cawnpore riots stats

A

400 killed in 6 days

History- India (10 decks)

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