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Surgery > Key Terms Chapter 1-3 (Emmans) > Flashcards

Key Terms Chapter 1-3 (Emmans) Flashcards

1
Q

analgesia

A

loss of sensitivity to pain

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2
Q

anesthesia

A

without feeling

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3
Q

balanced anesthesia

A

administering multiple drugs concurrently in smaller doses than would be required if each were given alone, maximizing the benefits of each drug, minimizing adverse effects and produces level of CNS depression, muscle relaxation, analgesia and immobility appropriate for patient and procedure

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4
Q

general anesthesia

A

reversible state of unconsciousness, immobility, muscle relaxation and loss of sensation throughout the entire body, produced by administration of anesthetic agents

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5
Q

hypnosis

A

drug induced sleep-like state that impairs the ability of the patient to respond appropriately to stimuli

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6
Q

local anesthesia

A

loss of sensation in a small area of the body

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7
Q

narcosis

A

drug induced sleep from which the patient is not easily aroused

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8
Q

noxious

A

damaging or potentially damaging stimuli

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9
Q

regional anesthesia

A

loss of sensation in a limited area of the body produced by local anesthetic in proximity to sensory nerves

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10
Q

sedation

A

drug induced central nervous system depression and drowsiness that varies from intensity of light to deep

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11
Q

surgical anesthesia

A

specific stage of general anesthesia; sufficient analgesia, muscle relaxation, etc. to allow surgery to be performed without movement

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12
Q

therapeutic index

A

a ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug becomes toxic to the blood concentration at which it is effective

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13
Q

topical anesthesia

A

loss of sensation of a localized area

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14
Q

tranquilization

A

drug-induced state of calm in which the patient is reluctant to move and is aware of but unconcerned of surroundings

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15
Q

auscultation

A

the act of listening to sounds produced by internal organs with a stethoscope, especially heart and lungs

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16
Q

body condition score

A

a numeric assessment of a patient’s body weight compared with the ideal body weight

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17
Q

borborygmus

A

intestinal noises audible with or without a stethoscope

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18
Q

cachexia

A

weight loss (may accompany chronic disease)

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19
Q

colloids

A

large-molecular-weight plasma proteins that provide oncotic pressure

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20
Q

crystalloids

A

fluids that contain water and small-molecular-weight solutes (NaCl that pass through vascular endothelium

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21
Q

cyanosis

A

blue discolouration of mucous membranes

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22
Q

dead space

A

the space in the airway leading to the alveoli that does not actually produce gas exchanges and therefore alveoli and organs/tissues arent being oxygenated

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23
Q

debilitated

A

lacking strength

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24
Q

ecchymoses

A

large bruises of skin or mucous membranes caused by leakage of blood into tissues

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25
Q

gastric-dilation volvulus

A

dangerous GI condition, occuring primarily in deep-chested large breed dogs, in which stomach swells with air and twists on its long axis, leading to shock, loss of blood supply and potentially, death

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26
Q

hypercarbia

A

increased carbon dioxide in blood

27
Q

hypoxemia

A

low blood oxygen level

28
Q

hypoxia

A

low tissue oxygen level

29
Q

ileus

A

intestinal obstruction caused by inhibition of bowel motility, also called “gastrointestinal stasis”

30
Q

infusion rate

A

the rate at which fluid is administered. written in ml/hr

31
Q

Inotropy

A

force of heart muscle contraction

32
Q

macrodrip

A

fluid administration set, 10-15 gtt/ml. Used for infusion rates of more than 100ml/hr

33
Q

microdrip

A

fluid administration set, 60 gtt/ml. Used for infusion rates less than 100 ml/hr

34
Q

miosis

A

constriction of pupil

35
Q

moribund

A

near death

36
Q

obtunded

A

depressed and unable to be fully aroused

37
Q

oncotic pressure

A

osmotic pressure provided by large-molecular-weight colloids such as albumin

38
Q

osmolarity

A

measruement of the number of dissolved solute particles per unit water in body fluids. usually expressed as moles per litre

39
Q

petechiae

A

small/pinpoint purple discolourations of skin or mucous membranes from hemorrhage.

40
Q

purpura

A

pinpoint purple discolourations of the skin of mucous membranes resulting from hemorrhage - larger than petechiae

41
Q

signalment

A

patient’s species, breed, age, sex and reproductive status

42
Q

stridor

A

noisy breathing caused by turbulent air flow in upper airways

43
Q

syncopy

A

fainting episodes caused by brain hypoxia

44
Q

vasodilation

A

dilation of blood vessels

45
Q

Vesicants

A

drugs that damage tissues if injected perivascularly

46
Q

adjunct

A

drug that is not an anesthetic truly but is used during anesthesia to produce other desired effects such as sedation, muscle relaxation, analgesia, etc

47
Q

Agonist-Antagonist

A

drug that binds to more than one receptor type, simultaneously stimulating at least one and blocking at least one

48
Q

Agonist

A

a drug that binds to and stimulates tissue receptors

49
Q

analeptic agent

A

a drug that causes general central nervous system stimulation

50
Q

Antagonist

A

drug that binds to a receptor but does not stimulate it, in fact it blocks it

51
Q

ataxia

A

inability to coordinate movement

52
Q

cataleptoid state

A

state produced by dissociative agents, in which a patient does not respond to external stimuli and has a variable degree of muscular rigidity

53
Q

dysphoria

A

anxiety, uneasy and restlessness most often produced by opioids (opposite of euphoria)

54
Q

fasciculations

A

involuntary muscle twitching

55
Q

mydriasis

A

dilation of pupil

56
Q

myoclonus

A

spontaneous muscle twitching

57
Q

nystagmus

A

rhythmic, involuntary oscillation of both eyes

58
Q

Anticholinergic

A

an adjunct that lessens parasympathetic effects by blocking the muscarinic receptors of the parasympathetic nervous sysem (also called a parasympatholytic)

59
Q

Partial agonist

A

a drug that binds to and partially stimulates receptors

60
Q

status epilepticus

A

continuous seizures or a series of seizures in rapid succession

61
Q

synergistic

A

interaction between 2 drugs in the body that the total effect is greater than each individual effect

62
Q

tidal volume

A

volume of a normal breath

63
Q

visceral analgesia

A

absence of pain in internal organs

Surgery (11 decks)

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