Key Terms Chapter 1-3 (Emmans)

Question 1

analgesia

Answer 1

loss of sensitivity to pain

Question 2

anesthesia

Answer 2

without feeling

Question 3

balanced anesthesia

Answer 3

administering multiple drugs concurrently in smaller doses than would be required if each were given alone, maximizing the benefits of each drug, minimizing adverse effects and produces level of CNS depression, muscle relaxation, analgesia and immobility appropriate for patient and procedure

Question 4

general anesthesia

Answer 4

reversible state of unconsciousness, immobility, muscle relaxation and loss of sensation throughout the entire body, produced by administration of anesthetic agents

Question 5

hypnosis

Answer 5

drug induced sleep-like state that impairs the ability of the patient to respond appropriately to stimuli

Question 6

local anesthesia

Answer 6

loss of sensation in a small area of the body

Question 7

narcosis

Answer 7

drug induced sleep from which the patient is not easily aroused

Question 8

noxious

Answer 8

damaging or potentially damaging stimuli

Question 9

regional anesthesia

Answer 9

loss of sensation in a limited area of the body produced by local anesthetic in proximity to sensory nerves

Question 10

sedation

Answer 10

drug induced central nervous system depression and drowsiness that varies from intensity of light to deep

Question 11

surgical anesthesia

Answer 11

specific stage of general anesthesia; sufficient analgesia, muscle relaxation, etc. to allow surgery to be performed without movement

Question 12

therapeutic index

Answer 12

a ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug becomes toxic to the blood concentration at which it is effective

Question 13

topical anesthesia

Answer 13

loss of sensation of a localized area

Question 14

tranquilization

Answer 14

drug-induced state of calm in which the patient is reluctant to move and is aware of but unconcerned of surroundings

Question 15

auscultation

Answer 15

the act of listening to sounds produced by internal organs with a stethoscope, especially heart and lungs

Question 16

body condition score

Answer 16

a numeric assessment of a patient’s body weight compared with the ideal body weight

Question 17

borborygmus

Answer 17

intestinal noises audible with or without a stethoscope

Question 18

cachexia

Answer 18

weight loss (may accompany chronic disease)

Question 19

colloids

Answer 19

large-molecular-weight plasma proteins that provide oncotic pressure

Question 20

crystalloids

Answer 20

fluids that contain water and small-molecular-weight solutes (NaCl that pass through vascular endothelium

Question 21

cyanosis

Answer 21

blue discolouration of mucous membranes

Question 22

dead space

Answer 22

the space in the airway leading to the alveoli that does not actually produce gas exchanges and therefore alveoli and organs/tissues arent being oxygenated

Question 23

debilitated

Answer 23

lacking strength

Question 24

ecchymoses

Answer 24

large bruises of skin or mucous membranes caused by leakage of blood into tissues

Question 25

gastric-dilation volvulus

Answer 25

dangerous GI condition, occuring primarily in deep-chested large breed dogs, in which stomach swells with air and twists on its long axis, leading to shock, loss of blood supply and potentially, death

Question 26

hypercarbia

Answer 26

increased carbon dioxide in blood

Question 27

hypoxemia

Answer 27

low blood oxygen level

Question 28

hypoxia

Answer 28

low tissue oxygen level

Question 29

ileus

Answer 29

intestinal obstruction caused by inhibition of bowel motility, also called "gastrointestinal stasis"

Question 30

infusion rate

Answer 30

the rate at which fluid is administered. written in ml/hr

Question 31

Inotropy

Answer 31

force of heart muscle contraction

Question 32

macrodrip

Answer 32

fluid administration set, 10-15 gtt/ml. Used for infusion rates of more than 100ml/hr

Question 33

microdrip

Answer 33

fluid administration set, 60 gtt/ml. Used for infusion rates less than 100 ml/hr

Question 34

miosis

Answer 34

constriction of pupil

Question 35

moribund

Answer 35

near death

Question 36

obtunded

Answer 36

depressed and unable to be fully aroused

Question 37

oncotic pressure

Answer 37

osmotic pressure provided by large-molecular-weight colloids such as albumin

Question 38

osmolarity

Answer 38

measruement of the number of dissolved solute particles per unit water in body fluids. usually expressed as moles per litre

Question 39

petechiae

Answer 39

small/pinpoint purple discolourations of skin or mucous membranes from hemorrhage.

Question 40

purpura

Answer 40

pinpoint purple discolourations of the skin of mucous membranes resulting from hemorrhage - larger than petechiae

Question 41

signalment

Answer 41

patient's species, breed, age, sex and reproductive status

Question 42

stridor

Answer 42

noisy breathing caused by turbulent air flow in upper airways

Question 43

syncopy

Answer 43

fainting episodes caused by brain hypoxia

Question 44

vasodilation

Answer 44

dilation of blood vessels

Question 45

Vesicants

Answer 45

drugs that damage tissues if injected perivascularly

Question 46

adjunct

Answer 46

drug that is not an anesthetic truly but is used during anesthesia to produce other desired effects such as sedation, muscle relaxation, analgesia, etc

Question 47

Agonist-Antagonist

Answer 47

drug that binds to more than one receptor type, simultaneously stimulating at least one and blocking at least one

Question 48

Agonist

Answer 48

a drug that binds to and stimulates tissue receptors

Question 49

analeptic agent

Answer 49

a drug that causes general central nervous system stimulation

Question 50

Antagonist

Answer 50

drug that binds to a receptor but does not stimulate it, in fact it blocks it

Question 51

ataxia

Answer 51

inability to coordinate movement

Question 52

cataleptoid state

Answer 52

state produced by dissociative agents, in which a patient does not respond to external stimuli and has a variable degree of muscular rigidity

Question 53

dysphoria

Answer 53

anxiety, uneasy and restlessness most often produced by opioids (opposite of euphoria)

Question 54

fasciculations

Answer 54

involuntary muscle twitching

Question 55

mydriasis

Answer 55

dilation of pupil

Question 56

myoclonus

Answer 56

spontaneous muscle twitching

Question 57

nystagmus

Answer 57

rhythmic, involuntary oscillation of both eyes

Question 58

Anticholinergic

Answer 58

an adjunct that lessens parasympathetic effects by blocking the muscarinic receptors of the parasympathetic nervous sysem (also called a parasympatholytic)

Question 59

Partial agonist

Answer 59

a drug that binds to and partially stimulates receptors

Question 60

status epilepticus

Answer 60

continuous seizures or a series of seizures in rapid succession

Question 61

synergistic

Answer 61

interaction between 2 drugs in the body that the total effect is greater than each individual effect

Question 62

tidal volume

Answer 62

volume of a normal breath

Question 63

visceral analgesia

Answer 63

absence of pain in internal organs