Key Terms Chapter 1-3 (Emmans) Flashcards
analgesia
loss of sensitivity to pain
anesthesia
without feeling
balanced anesthesia
administering multiple drugs concurrently in smaller doses than would be required if each were given alone, maximizing the benefits of each drug, minimizing adverse effects and produces level of CNS depression, muscle relaxation, analgesia and immobility appropriate for patient and procedure
general anesthesia
reversible state of unconsciousness, immobility, muscle relaxation and loss of sensation throughout the entire body, produced by administration of anesthetic agents
hypnosis
drug induced sleep-like state that impairs the ability of the patient to respond appropriately to stimuli
local anesthesia
loss of sensation in a small area of the body
narcosis
drug induced sleep from which the patient is not easily aroused
noxious
damaging or potentially damaging stimuli
regional anesthesia
loss of sensation in a limited area of the body produced by local anesthetic in proximity to sensory nerves
sedation
drug induced central nervous system depression and drowsiness that varies from intensity of light to deep
surgical anesthesia
specific stage of general anesthesia; sufficient analgesia, muscle relaxation, etc. to allow surgery to be performed without movement
therapeutic index
a ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug becomes toxic to the blood concentration at which it is effective
topical anesthesia
loss of sensation of a localized area
tranquilization
drug-induced state of calm in which the patient is reluctant to move and is aware of but unconcerned of surroundings
auscultation
the act of listening to sounds produced by internal organs with a stethoscope, especially heart and lungs
body condition score
a numeric assessment of a patient’s body weight compared with the ideal body weight
borborygmus
intestinal noises audible with or without a stethoscope
cachexia
weight loss (may accompany chronic disease)
colloids
large-molecular-weight plasma proteins that provide oncotic pressure
crystalloids
fluids that contain water and small-molecular-weight solutes (NaCl that pass through vascular endothelium
cyanosis
blue discolouration of mucous membranes
dead space
the space in the airway leading to the alveoli that does not actually produce gas exchanges and therefore alveoli and organs/tissues arent being oxygenated
debilitated
lacking strength
ecchymoses
large bruises of skin or mucous membranes caused by leakage of blood into tissues
gastric-dilation volvulus
dangerous GI condition, occuring primarily in deep-chested large breed dogs, in which stomach swells with air and twists on its long axis, leading to shock, loss of blood supply and potentially, death
hypercarbia
increased carbon dioxide in blood
hypoxemia
low blood oxygen level
hypoxia
low tissue oxygen level
ileus
intestinal obstruction caused by inhibition of bowel motility, also called “gastrointestinal stasis”
infusion rate
the rate at which fluid is administered. written in ml/hr
Inotropy
force of heart muscle contraction
macrodrip
fluid administration set, 10-15 gtt/ml. Used for infusion rates of more than 100ml/hr
microdrip
fluid administration set, 60 gtt/ml. Used for infusion rates less than 100 ml/hr
miosis
constriction of pupil
moribund
near death
obtunded
depressed and unable to be fully aroused
oncotic pressure
osmotic pressure provided by large-molecular-weight colloids such as albumin
osmolarity
measruement of the number of dissolved solute particles per unit water in body fluids. usually expressed as moles per litre
petechiae
small/pinpoint purple discolourations of skin or mucous membranes from hemorrhage.
purpura
pinpoint purple discolourations of the skin of mucous membranes resulting from hemorrhage - larger than petechiae
signalment
patient’s species, breed, age, sex and reproductive status
stridor
noisy breathing caused by turbulent air flow in upper airways
syncopy
fainting episodes caused by brain hypoxia
vasodilation
dilation of blood vessels
Vesicants
drugs that damage tissues if injected perivascularly
adjunct
drug that is not an anesthetic truly but is used during anesthesia to produce other desired effects such as sedation, muscle relaxation, analgesia, etc
Agonist-Antagonist
drug that binds to more than one receptor type, simultaneously stimulating at least one and blocking at least one
Agonist
a drug that binds to and stimulates tissue receptors
analeptic agent
a drug that causes general central nervous system stimulation
Antagonist
drug that binds to a receptor but does not stimulate it, in fact it blocks it
ataxia
inability to coordinate movement
cataleptoid state
state produced by dissociative agents, in which a patient does not respond to external stimuli and has a variable degree of muscular rigidity
dysphoria
anxiety, uneasy and restlessness most often produced by opioids (opposite of euphoria)
fasciculations
involuntary muscle twitching
mydriasis
dilation of pupil
myoclonus
spontaneous muscle twitching
nystagmus
rhythmic, involuntary oscillation of both eyes
Anticholinergic
an adjunct that lessens parasympathetic effects by blocking the muscarinic receptors of the parasympathetic nervous sysem (also called a parasympatholytic)
Partial agonist
a drug that binds to and partially stimulates receptors
status epilepticus
continuous seizures or a series of seizures in rapid succession
synergistic
interaction between 2 drugs in the body that the total effect is greater than each individual effect
tidal volume
volume of a normal breath
visceral analgesia
absence of pain in internal organs
