Chapter 1 - Powerpoint Condensed

Question 1

What are 3 symptoms of fluid overload? (6)

Answer 1

1. ocular and nasal discharge 2. chemosis 3. subq edema 4. increased lung sounds 5. increased resp rate and dyspnea 6. coughing and restlessness if patient is awake

Question 2

What is Dextrose solution commonly used for?

Answer 2

providing calories during long-term therapy of anorexic patients

Question 3

What are 3 uses for Normal Saline besides as IV fluids?

Answer 3

Bathe tissue during surgery, flush IV catheters, flush body cavities

Question 4

What is KVO? What is the fluid rate associated?

Answer 4

“Keep Vein Open”. Delivering 4ml/kg/hr to keep vein available for later fluid administration

Question 5

what level of anesthetic risk is a P1 considered?

Answer 5

minimal

Question 6

T or F. In any given body compartment, there must be more positively charged particles than negatively charged

Answer 6

False. They must be equal numbers.

Question 7

What are the “4 F’s” of adistended abdomen?

Answer 7

fluid, feces, fetus, flatulence

Question 8

____% of body fluid is intracellular

Answer 8

40

Question 9

Why do Colloid solutions stay in the intravascular space longer than Crystalloid solutions?

Answer 9

Colloid solutions are large-molecular-weight solutes that cannot easily pass through the endotheloum to the interstitial space

Question 10

How much of the administered IV fluids will stay in intravascular space? Where does the rest go?

Answer 10

1/3 stays intravascular. 2/3rds will diffuse into interstitial space

Question 11

What is the routine anesthesia fluid administration rate?

Answer 11

10 ml/kg/hr for the first hour and 5ml/kg/hr for the remainder

Question 12

T or F. Animals with Congestive Heart Failure can receive the same amount of fluids as other patients.

Answer 12

F. Their heart can’t pump adequately, giving fluids will overload heart and lungs

Question 13

Crystalloid IV Fluids are made of _______

Answer 13

water and small-molecular-weight solutes

Question 14

Solutes must provide ________ to pull water into a compartment

Answer 14

osmotic pressure

Question 15

Crystalloids are used for _______ fluid therapy (replacement or maintenance)

Answer 15

replacement

Question 16

Why do we use Lactated fluids to correct dehydration?

Answer 16

Lactate is in fluid and is a buffer than converts to Bicarbonate and neutralizes Acidosis. The primary acid-base problem associated with dehydration is acidosis.

Question 17

Describe the differences between replacement fluid therapy and maintenance fluid therapy

Answer 17

Replacement is given in early stages of dehydration and given quickly to correct Maintenance is given with ongoing issues such as diarrhea or patient in shock

Question 18

T or F. Potassium is found in higher concentrations in replacement fluids. Why is this?

Answer 18

F. It is much lower in concentration because replacement fluids are given quickly, and quick dosage of Potassium can cause cardiac arrest

Question 19

T or F. Hydration abnormalities can be corrected during anesthesia

Answer 19

F. Must be corrected prior to induction

Question 20

____ is a pre-anesthetic drug that is also an antiemetic which will prevent vomiting if a patient was not properly fasted

Answer 20

Acepromazine

Question 21

What is the rule of thumb for sudden body weight loss compared to fluid loss?

Answer 21

1kg sudden body weight loss is equal to 1 L of fluid loss

Question 22

What is hemodilution

Answer 22

Low PCV as diluted from overload of fluids

Question 23

IV Fluids are classified into what 2 types

Answer 23

Colloids and Crystalloids

Question 24

What fluids might you choose for a healthy animal undergoing routine surgery?

Answer 24

Isotonic, polyionic, replacement fluids

Question 25

What 3 elements make up the Minimum Patient Database?

Answer 25

1. Patient signalment and history 2. Physical Exam 3. Pre-anesthetic Diagnostic Work up

Question 26

what is SA (cardiovascular)

Answer 26

sinus arrhythmia

Question 27

Where is interstitial fluid located?

Answer 27

between cells

Question 28

What is intravascular fluid?

Answer 28

plasma fluid flowing in the blood vessels

Question 29

What fluids might you choose for a sick patient with a PCV HIGHER than 20%

Answer 29

Isotonic, polyionic replacement fluids

Question 30

T or F. You cant inject fluid intracellular but if you inject it elsewhere the cells will absorb fluid

Answer 30

True

Question 31

without solutes/ions, fluid could not move into the _______

Answer 31

interstitial space

Question 32

If we give fluids too quick, what can happen? If we give fluids too slow, what can happen?

Answer 32

Too quick - can stop the heart or pulmonary edema Too slow - patient is losing fluid faster than receiving it

Question 33

T or F. We can increase fluids to artificially maintain blood pressure and therefore maintain profusion of organs

Answer 33

True

Question 34

what is NSR (cardiovascular)

Answer 34

normal sinus rhythm

Question 35

What are the 4 most important Cation Electrolytes?

Answer 35

Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium

Question 36

How do hypertonic saline solutions work? Whats an example of when you would use it?

Answer 36

By drawing fluid into intravascular space to maintain blood pressure. Good for patients in shock

Question 37

What are 2 types of Crystalloid fluids?

Answer 37

Isotonic, Normal Saline, Polyionic

Question 38

A Patient’s PCV is 14%. Which fluid type would you choose?

Answer 38

Blood transfusion. We do not give fluids to patients with PCV less than 20% because we will further dilute the remaining rbcs. A plasma transfusion should be done.