Chapter 1 - Powerpoint Condensed Flashcards
What are 3 symptoms of fluid overload? (6)
- ocular and nasal discharge 2. chemosis 3. subq edema 4. increased lung sounds 5. increased resp rate and dyspnea 6. coughing and restlessness if patient is awake
What is Dextrose solution commonly used for?
providing calories during long-term therapy of anorexic patients
What are 3 uses for Normal Saline besides as IV fluids?
Bathe tissue during surgery, flush IV catheters, flush body cavities
What is KVO? What is the fluid rate associated?
“Keep Vein Open”. Delivering 4ml/kg/hr to keep vein available for later fluid administration
what level of anesthetic risk is a P1 considered?
minimal
T or F. In any given body compartment, there must be more positively charged particles than negatively charged
False. They must be equal numbers.
What are the “4 F’s” of adistended abdomen?
fluid, feces, fetus, flatulence
____% of body fluid is intracellular
40
Why do Colloid solutions stay in the intravascular space longer than Crystalloid solutions?
Colloid solutions are large-molecular-weight solutes that cannot easily pass through the endotheloum to the interstitial space
How much of the administered IV fluids will stay in intravascular space? Where does the rest go?
1/3 stays intravascular. 2/3rds will diffuse into interstitial space
What is the routine anesthesia fluid administration rate?
10 ml/kg/hr for the first hour and 5ml/kg/hr for the remainder
T or F. Animals with Congestive Heart Failure can receive the same amount of fluids as other patients.
F. Their heart can’t pump adequately, giving fluids will overload heart and lungs
Crystalloid IV Fluids are made of _______
water and small-molecular-weight solutes
Solutes must provide ________ to pull water into a compartment
osmotic pressure
Crystalloids are used for _______ fluid therapy (replacement or maintenance)
replacement
Why do we use Lactated fluids to correct dehydration?
Lactate is in fluid and is a buffer than converts to Bicarbonate and neutralizes Acidosis. The primary acid-base problem associated with dehydration is acidosis.
Describe the differences between replacement fluid therapy and maintenance fluid therapy
Replacement is given in early stages of dehydration and given quickly to correct Maintenance is given with ongoing issues such as diarrhea or patient in shock
T or F. Potassium is found in higher concentrations in replacement fluids. Why is this?
F. It is much lower in concentration because replacement fluids are given quickly, and quick dosage of Potassium can cause cardiac arrest
T or F. Hydration abnormalities can be corrected during anesthesia
F. Must be corrected prior to induction
____ is a pre-anesthetic drug that is also an antiemetic which will prevent vomiting if a patient was not properly fasted
Acepromazine
What is the rule of thumb for sudden body weight loss compared to fluid loss?
1kg sudden body weight loss is equal to 1 L of fluid loss
What is hemodilution
Low PCV as diluted from overload of fluids
IV Fluids are classified into what 2 types
Colloids and Crystalloids
What fluids might you choose for a healthy animal undergoing routine surgery?
Isotonic, polyionic, replacement fluids
What 3 elements make up the Minimum Patient Database?
- Patient signalment and history 2. Physical Exam 3. Pre-anesthetic Diagnostic Work up
what is SA (cardiovascular)
sinus arrhythmia
Where is interstitial fluid located?
between cells
What is intravascular fluid?
plasma fluid flowing in the blood vessels
What fluids might you choose for a sick patient with a PCV HIGHER than 20%
Isotonic, polyionic replacement fluids
T or F. You cant inject fluid intracellular but if you inject it elsewhere the cells will absorb fluid
True
without solutes/ions, fluid could not move into the _______
interstitial space
If we give fluids too quick, what can happen? If we give fluids too slow, what can happen?
Too quick - can stop the heart or pulmonary edema Too slow - patient is losing fluid faster than receiving it
T or F. We can increase fluids to artificially maintain blood pressure and therefore maintain profusion of organs
True
what is NSR (cardiovascular)
normal sinus rhythm
What are the 4 most important Cation Electrolytes?
Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium
How do hypertonic saline solutions work? Whats an example of when you would use it?
By drawing fluid into intravascular space to maintain blood pressure. Good for patients in shock
What are 2 types of Crystalloid fluids?
Isotonic, Normal Saline, Polyionic
A Patient’s PCV is 14%. Which fluid type would you choose?
Blood transfusion. We do not give fluids to patients with PCV less than 20% because we will further dilute the remaining rbcs. A plasma transfusion should be done.
