Key Points 1800: Historicism and Engineering Architecture

Question 1

Eclecticism

Answer 1

Late 1800.

Describes the combination of elements from different historical styles in a single work.

Chiefly in architecture and, by implication, also in the fine and decorative arts.

The term is sometimes also loosely applied to the general stylistic variety of 19th-century architecture after Neo- classicism (c. 1820), although the revivals of styles in that period have, since the 1970s, generally been referred to as aspects of historicism.

Question 2

Second Empire

Answer 2

Became an architectural style during the second empire in France. Became a mix of earlier european styles, mostly baroque together with mansard roof and low squared based domes.

Question 3

Replanning of Paris

Answer 3

1850-1873.

Included demolition of crowded and unhealthy medieval neighborhoods, built of wide avenues, parks and squares, construction of new fountains and aqueducts. The street plan and appearance of the center of Paris today remains from Hausmann’s renovation.

Question 4

World Exhibitons in Paris 1855-1900

Answer 4

Produced many steel structures combined with large glass window parts, ex. Tour de Eiffel 1889.

1855
Jean-Marie-Victor Viel (architect), Alexis Barrault (engineer) - ”Palais d’Industrie” exhibition hall, 260x105 m, span 48 m.

1867 & 1878
Léopold Hardy (architect), Jean-Baptiste Krantz (engineer) - Exhibition Hall, 490x380 m.

1900
Henri-Adolphe-Auguste Deglane, Louis-Albert Louvet, Albert-Félix-Théophile Thomas, Charles-Louis Girault - ”Grand Palais”.

Question 5

Arts & Crafts

Answer 5

1880-1910.

Rejected industrialism and historicism, came as a reaction against the industrialization from the Industrial Revolution. Had a vision for handmade medieval architecture instead of machine made. Some reference to the neo-gothic style.