Key Architects 1800: New Professions and Building Types

Question 1

Thomas Telford

Answer 1

1757-1834.

First suspension bridge (Menai Strait Bridge), 1826.

Design for Old London Bridge, 200 m span, 1801.

Question 2

Islamabard Kingdom Brunel

Answer 2

1806-1859.

The Great Western Railway, 1833-1838.

Clifton Suspension Bridge, 1836-1864.

Question 3

Claude Nicolas Ledoux

Answer 3

1736-1806.

Royal Saltworks Chaux, 1774-1779.

Question 4

Karl Friedrich Schinkel

Answer 4

1781-1841.

Neue Wache, Berlin, 1816.

Schauspilhaus, Berlin, 1818-1821.

Altes Museum, Berlin, 1823-1830.

Question 5

Leo von Klenze

Answer 5

1784-1864.

Pinakothek, Munich, 1826-1836

Question 6

Charles Fox

Answer 6

1810-1874.

Euston Station (with Philip Hardwick), 1835-1838.

Question 7

Gaspard Monge

Answer 7

1746-1818.

Mathematican. Invented descriptive geometry.

Constructed ellipsoidal vault of mortarless masonry

Question 8

Richard Turner

Answer 8

1791-1881.

Palm House at Kew Gardens, England, 1844-1848.

Question 9

Joseph Paxton

Answer 9

1803-1865

Crystal Palace, World Exhibition in London 1851.

Question 10

Jean-Nicholas-Louis Durand

Answer 10

1760-1834.

Rationalization/systemization of design for buildings ”vaste et magnifique” (public buildings of the new republic), logically structured design in purpose and economy. Doesn’t resort to historical model.

Grid.

Thanks to his books Durand becomes the most influential architectural theorist of his time, his books are used up into 20th century as textbooks for teaching - in particular at the École des Beaux-Arts and all schools that follow this model.

Durand is also criticized for his efforts to objectify the design process. Gottfried Semper refers to him as a ”chessboard artist with lack of ideas.” Albert Perez-Gomez wrote that ”Durand is responsible for architecture having lost touch with human experience.”

Question 11

William Strutt

Answer 11

1756–1830.

Cotton Mill, Derby, 1792–1793. Fire proof building. Columns in cast iron and climate shell in brick.

Warehouse, Milford, 1792–1793.

Question 12

John Lombe

Answer 12

1693–1722.

Silk Mill, Derby, 1721–1722. Timber construction, one large mill wheel, mechanization in production.

Question 13

Charles Bage

Answer 13

1756–1830.

Castle Foregate Mill, Shrewsbury, 1796–1797.

Cast iron columns that support cast iron beams, which support floors of jack arch constructions. Columns thicker at mid height than at the ends (knäckning).