History of Concrete

Question 1

Eddystone Lighthouse, Devon England

Answer 1

1755-1759.

Built by Smeaton using granite blocks dovetailed (hoplänkade) together by hydraulic lime. Smeaton identified the
elements needed to obtain the hydraulicity in lime.

Question 2

Portland Cement

Answer 2

1824.

Patented by Aspdon, a bricklayer in Leeds. ”An improvement in the mode of producing artificial stone”.

Question 3

Pisé de Terre System

Answer 3

1851.

Cement walls, by Coignet.

Question 4

First reinforced concrete building.

Answer 4

1853.

By Coignet, 72 rue Charles Michels, St. Denis.

Question 5

1867-1878

Answer 5

1867: Patent on iron-reinforced troughs (tråg) for horticulture (trädgårdsodling) by Monier.
1868: iron-reinforced cement pipes and basins
1869: iron-reinforced cement panels for building facades.
1873: bridges made of iron-reinforced cement
1878: reinforced concrete beams

Question 6

First iron-reinforced cement bridge.

Answer 6

1875.

at Chazelet by Monier

Question 7

Monier’s patents licensed by Gustav Adolf Wayss & Conrad Freytag

Answer 7

1884

Question 8

Das System Monier

Answer 8

1887

Wayss proves that iron and concrete have (almost) the same thermal expansion, published in Das System Monier.

Question 9

Francois Hennebique

Answer 9

1879.

First use of reinforced concrete.

Question 10

System Hennebique

Answer 10

1892.

Integrating separate elements of construction, such as column and beam, into a single monolithic (sluten/ett stycke) element.

Question 11

Béton Armé

Answer 11

1896.

Hennebique publishes Béton Armé.