Key Individuals: The Directory & Napoleon's Rise 1795-1799 Flashcards
1
Q
Comte d’Artois
A
2
Q
General Augereau
A
- Served in the French Army in the revolutionary wars and earned rapid promotion
- Made division commander under Napoleon in Italy
3
Q
Gracchus Babeuf
A
- Political & Social rights campaigner
- 1794: Set up Le Tribun du Peuple
- His ideas are often described as an early form of communism
- His ideas attracted lower class of workers
- His song Dying of Hunger, Dying of Cold became popular in Parisian cafés
- Executed in 1797 after government spies intercepted what could’ve been an uprising
4
Q
Vicomte de Barras
A
- Helped create the Directory
- Fell from Power in Napolean’s Coup of Brumaire in 1799
- Spent time in exile
5
Q
François de Barthèlemy
A
6
Q
Lucien Bonaparte
A
7
Q
Napoleon Bonaparte
A
- 1799: Came to power in France in a Coup
- Established himself as Consul 1799-1804
- 1804-1815: Became Emperor
- 1814: Forced to abdicate
- 1815: Returned to power for 100 days before being defeated at Waterloo and exiled to Saint Helena
- Known for Empire, military leadership, Napoleonic Code, administrative reform, Education and revival of titles and honours
8
Q
Jean-Jacques Régis de Cambacérès
A
9
Q
Lazare Carnot
A
- A Director
- Served Napoleon
10
Q
Pierre-Roger Ducos
A
- Sat in ‘the Plain’ during the National Convention
- A member of the Council of Five Hundred
- Named Director after the Coup of Prairial thanks to influence of Barras, his close friend
- 1799: Supported Napoleon’s Coup d’état and was made one of the original three Consuls with Napoleon & Sieyès
- Did well in the Empire but abandoned Napoleon in 1814
11
Q
Joseph Fouché
A
- Served in every government from 1792 to 1815
- Served as a Jacobin under the Directory from 1795-1799
- 1799: became Minister of Police
12
Q
Louis-Marie-Stanislas Fréron
A
- After Robespierre’s fall his newspaper L’Orateur du Peuple became the mouthpiece for anti-Jacobins and incited the Muscadins to attack the Sans-Culottes with the clubs
- Instigates the arrests of former colleagues Fouquier-Tinville, Carrier and other Montagnards
13
Q
Louis-Jérôme Gohiern
A
14
Q
General Hoche
A
- Commanded the Army of the Rhine in 1797
- Helped Napolean expel the royalists from Paris
15
Q
General Joubert
A
- 1791: Volunteered for the army
- 1793: Became a general
- Held various commands in Holland, the Rhine & in Italy where he became commander-in-chief
- Died in the Battle of Novi 1799
16
Q
Charles-François Lebrun
A
17
Q
Jean-François-Auguste Moulin
A
18
Q
Joachim Murat
A
- October 1795: Cavalry soldier aiding Napoleon against royalists
- Aide-de-camp in Italian and Egyptian campaigns
19
Q
General Pichegru
A
20
Q
Comte de Provence (‘Louis XVIII)
A
- Younger brother of Louis XVI
- Took the royal title in June 1795 after the death of Louis XVI’s son
- Lived in exile in Prussia, Russia and Britain
21
Q
Louis Marie de la Revéllière-Lepeaux
A
22
Q
Jean-François Rewbell
A
23
Q
Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès
A
- Served in the Directory
- Played a major role the coup d’état that brought Napoleon to power in 1799
24
Q
Talleyrand
A
- Became Foreign Minister for 2 years during the Directory and during Napolon
25
Q
Jean-Lambert Tallien
A
- A Montagnard in the National Convention
- Member of the CGS
- Organised the army & crushed the rebellion in Bordeaux
- Supported Coup of Thermidor and became a leader in the Thermidorian reaction
- Took part in the suppression of members of the revolutionary tribunals
- Member of the Council of Five Hundred under the Directory
- Accompanied Napoleon to Egypt in 1798
26
Q
Josephine Tascher de La Pageries
A
