Key Individuals: France & Napoleon 1799-1814 Flashcards
1
Q
General Augerau
A
- 1814: Supported monarchical restoration
- Only made amends during the Hundred Days
- Demoted by the restored Louis XVIII
2
Q
Hortense Beauharnais
A
3
Q
General Brune
A
4
Q
Georges Cadoudal
A
5
Q
Cambacérès
A
6
Q
Jean-Antoine Chaptal
A
- Chemist & industrialist, recommended by Cambacérès
- 1800: Minister of the Interior, restructured administration
- Introduced the lycée system
- Supported laissez-faire but favored state-backed industrialization
- 1804: Resigned, joined Legion of Honour & Senate
- 1811: Advised on economic downturn
- Hundred Days: Minister of Agriculture, Commerce & Industry
7
Q
Benjamin Constant
A
- Swiss-French moderate republican & activist
- 1799: Appointed to the Tribunate
1802: Forced to withdraw from Tribunate because of his criticisms
8
Q
Jacques-Louis David
A
9
Q
Duc D’Enghien
A
- Son of the prince of Condé
- Mother was sister of Philippe Egalité
- Served with the émigré armies during the revolutionary wars
- 1801: Married and retired to Baden
- 1804: Shot and seized by Napoleon’s agents
10
Q
Joseph Fouché
A
- 1799: Minister of police
- Supported Coup d’état
- 1808: Count of the Empire
- 1809: Made duc d’Otrante
11
Q
Archduchess Marie-Louise of Austria
A
12
Q
Montalivet
A
- From a noble background but supported the revolution
- Served in the French Army of Italy during the Terror
- Prefect under the Consulate
- 1809: Minister of the Interior
- Helped develop infrastructure of the Empire by building bridges and ports
- Oversaw large-scale urban development in Paris, the building of the Arc de Triomphe, digging of public fountains and expansion of sewage works.
13
Q
Jean-Marie Savary
A
- 1790: Joined the army, fought in Rhine campaigns
- 1800: Aide-de-camp, chief of Napoleon’s bodyguard
- 1804: Supervised duc d’Enghien’s execution
- 1806: Fought at Jena
- 1806-1807: Served as envoy
- 1808: Made duc de Rovigo
- 1810: Appointed Minister of Police
- 1815: Loyal during Hundred Days, sentenced to death after Waterloo
- 1819: Escaped, resumed military career
14
Q
Madame de Staël
A
- Constant’s mistress and Necker’s daughter
- Escaped from France during the Terror
- During the Directory she returned to France & set up a ‘salon’ to discuss liberal political ideas
- Known for her eloquent conversation and extensive writings
- Exiled between 1804 and 1814 due to her criticisms of Napoleon
