Key concepts topic 1

Question 1

Gives an adaptation of ciliated epithelial cells

Answer 1

Short tail like structures that can contact and cause wavy movement

Question 2

Give an advantage of electron microscopes, compared with light microscopes

Answer 2

The allowed to see cell structures, more clearly, and more detail

Question 3

Give the function of flagella

Answer 3

They help bacteria move

Question 4

How to substances move in and out of cells

Answer 4

Diffusion osmosis and active transport

Question 5

How many chromosomes are in a human haploid cell?

Answer 5

23 chromosomes, one set

Question 6

List for adaptations of a sperm cell

Answer 6

acrosome, haploid nucleus, mitochondria, tail

Question 7

List adaptations of an egg cell

Answer 7

Nutrients in the cytoplasm, haploid nucleus, mitochondria, changes in the cell membrane after fertilisation

Question 8

Name five subcellular structure found in a bacteria

Answer 8

Chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes, and flagella

Question 9

Name for sub cellular structures found in an animal cell

Answer 9

Nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes

Question 10

Name 7 sub cellular structures found in a plant cell

Answer 10

Nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuole and ribosomes

Question 11

Name the enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates

Answer 11

Analyse

Question 12

Name the enzyme that breaks down lipids

Answer 12

Lipase

Question 13

Name the enzyme that breaks down proteins

Answer 13

Protease

Question 14

Name is a product from the breakdown of carbohydrates

Answer 14

Sugar

Question 15

Name the product that form the breakdown of lipids

Answer 15

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 16

Name of the product for breaksdown breaks down proteins

Answer 16

Amino acids

Question 17

What are enzymes?

Answer 17

Biological catalysts that increase the rate of reactions

Question 18

What are smaller loops of DNA called?

Answer 18

Plasmid DNA

Question 19

What can enzymes be used to synthesise?

Answer 19

Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

Question 20

What controls most bacteria activities?

Answer 20

Chromosomal DNA

Question 21

What does micro mean?

Answer 21

10^-6

Question 22

What does milli mean?

Answer 22

10^-3

Question 23

What does nano mean?

Answer 23

10^-9

Question 24

What does pico mean

Answer 24

10^-12

Question 25

What happens if an enzyme is denatured

Answer 25

The shape of the active site changes and the enzyme will no longer catalyse the reaction

Question 26

What is active transport?

Answer 26

The movement of particles against a concentration gradient

Question 27

What is partially permeable membrane?

Answer 27

A membrane that allows some molecules through it and not others

Question 28

What is diffusion?

Answer 28

The net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 29

What is osmosis?

Answer 29

The definition of small molecules of a solvent

Question 30

What is required for active transport?

Answer 30

Energy

Question 31

What is an active site of an enzyme?

Answer 31

Where are the substrate fits at the start of the reaction?

Question 32

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 32

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus