8. Exchange and transport and animals.

Question 1

what substances need to be transported in and out of organisms

Answer 1

oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, dissolved, food, molecules, mineral irons, urea

Question 2

where is oxygen exchanged?

Answer 2

alveoli in the lungs

Question 3

where is water exchanged

Answer 3

nephrons in the kidneys

Question 4

where is carbon dioxide exchanged?

Answer 4

alveoli

Question 5

where are dissolved food molecules exchanged

Answer 5

small intestines

Question 6

where are mineral irons exchanged?

Answer 6

small intestines

Question 7

where is urea exchanged?

Answer 7

nephrons in the kidneys

Question 8

why do multicellular organisms, need exchange surfaces and a transport system

Answer 8

The surface area: volume ratio is too small to be able to rely on diffusion

Question 9

What is the name of the process by which gases exchange between air in the lungs and blood in the capillaries?

Answer 9

diffusion

Question 10

how are alveoli adapted for gas exchange

Answer 10

they have a large surface area, they have thin walls, they have blood vessels close to them

Question 11

name, the four main parts of blood

Answer 11

Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets

Question 12

what is another name for red blood cells?

Answer 12

erythrocytes

Question 13

what is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 13

The transport oxygen around the body

Question 14

how are red blood cells adapted to their function?

Answer 14

they contain haemoglobin which carries oxygen, they have a biconcave shape and therefore a large surface area, they don’t have a nucleus so this so has more space for the haemoglobin to transport more oxygen

Question 15

name, two types of white blood cells

Answer 15

lymphocytes and phagocytes

Question 16

which system in the body white blood cells a part of?

Answer 16

the immune system

Question 17

what is the job of the immune system?

Answer 17

to attack pathogens in the body

Question 18

what do you phagocyte to do?

Answer 18

The surround pathogens and destroy them

Question 19

what do you lymphocytes do?

Answer 19

they produce chemical antibodies that attack pathogens and destroy them

Question 20

describe plasma

Answer 20

It’s as a liquid part of the blood

Question 21

what is the function of plasma?

Answer 21

it carries the blood cells through the blood vessels that contain and dissolves substances

Question 22

give two examples of substances that may dissolve in plasma

Answer 22

carbon dioxide and glucose

Question 23

what are platelets?

Answer 23

fragments of larger cells, they don’t have a nucleus

Question 24

what are the function of platelets?

Answer 24

they cause blood to clot when a blood vessel has been damage this blocks, the wound and stops pathogens from entering the blood

Question 25

name the three types of blood vessels

Answer 25

arteries, veins and capillaries

Question 26

what is the function of arteries?

Answer 26

arteries carry blood away from the heart

Question 27

how are arteries adapted to their function?

Answer 27

they have a thick wall of muscle and elastic fibres

Question 28

what is the function of a veins

Answer 28

veins, carry blood back to the heart

Question 29

how are veins adapted to their function?

Answer 29

they have a large space to allow blood to flow easily. They have forced to stop blood flowing backwards.

Question 30

which type of blood vessels has the thickest walls?

Answer 30

arteries

Question 31

which type of blood vessel has the thinnest walls?

Answer 31

Capillaries

Question 32

what is the function of capillaries?

Answer 32

The exchange minerals, such as oxygen and glucose and carbon dioxide with body tissues

Question 33

how are capillaries adapted to their function?

Answer 33

The walls are only one cell thick

Question 34

name the four chambers of the hear in order from the lungs

Answer 34

left atrium, common left ventricle right atrium right ventricle

Question 35

which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Answer 35

pulmonary vain

Question 36

which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

Answer 36

aorta

Question 37

which blood vessel brings deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

Answer 37

vena cava

Question 38

which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Answer 38

pulmonary artery

Question 39

which ventricle wall is thicker, and why

Answer 39

put the left as it pushes blood all around the body

Question 40

what do the valves in the hot day?

Answer 40

make the blood flow in the right direction

Question 41

what is cellular respiration?

Answer 41

an exothermic reaction, which occurs continuously in living cells to release energy for metabolic processes

Question 42

what are two types of respiration?

Answer 42

aerobic and anaerobic

Question 43

where does aerobic respiration mostly occur?

Answer 43

mitochondria in cells

Question 44

what is the main source of energy for cells

Answer 44

aerobic respiration

Question 45

what is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 45

glucose + oxygen—> carbon dioxide + water

Question 46

when does anaerobic respiration take place?

Answer 46

when there is not enough oxygen

Question 47

what is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 47

incomplete breakdown of glucose to release energy

Question 48

what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 48

glucose —> lactic acid

Question 49

which type of respiration releases more energy

Answer 49

aerobic

Question 50

what is their energy from respiration used for?

Answer 50

to build larger molecules, to enable muscle contraction, to maintain body temperatures

Question 51

what is a respirometer used to investigate

Answer 51

rates of respiration

Question 52

what is the function of soda lime in the respirometer

Answer 52

it absorbs carbon dioxide

Question 53

how could a respirometer did used to measure the rate of respiration

Answer 53

Measure the distance that the colour liquid moves in a particular time

Question 54

why use the coloured liquid to move in the respirimeter

Answer 54

oxygen is absorbed by the seat of the volume of the air in the container as a reduced

Question 55

what is heart rate measured in?

Answer 55

The number of beats per minute

Question 56

how can the heart rate be measured?

Answer 56

by taking your pulse at the rest

Question 57

what happens to the rate of reaction during exercise?

Answer 57

it increases

Question 58

what is the equation linking stroke volume, heart rate in cardiac out put

Answer 58

cardiac output= stroke volume x heart rate

Question 59

what is stroke volume?

Answer 59

The volume of blood pumped by the heart in 1 beat