Key concepts part 7

Question 1

what should all patients with peripheral artery disease get given?

Answer 1

clopidogrel and a statin

Question 2

what is the antibiotic of choice for neutropenic sepsis

Answer 2

piperacillin and tazobactam

Question 3

blockage of which two structures with gallstones will not cause jaundice

Answer 3

cystic duct and gallbladder

Question 4

which is the steroid of choice for preterm premature rupture of membranes

Answer 4

dexamethasone

Question 5

what are the criteria for orthostatic hypertension

Answer 5

• drop in systolic BP of 20 or more
• drop to below 90 systolic (regardless if less than 20 drop)
• drop in diastolic BP of 10 + symptoms

Question 6

what is the investigation of choice for reflux nephropathy

Answer 6

micturating cystography

Question 7

what are the most common cancers that metastasise to bone (in order)

Answer 7

memory aid: British ladies practice kicking tigers

breast, lungs, prostate, kidneys, thyroid

Question 8

which parkinsons drugs are associated with the highest chance of inhibition disorders?

Answer 8

dopamine agonists

memory aid: if you give dopamine agonists youre rewarding risky behaviour

Question 9

what is the management of acne rosecea

Answer 9

mild/mod = topical metronidazole 
severe = oral tetracycline

Question 10

if first dose of adrenaline in anaphylaxis doesnt work when can you give second dose

Answer 10

after 5 mins

Question 11

what is hydroxocabalamin

Answer 11

B12

Question 12

motile trophozoites

Answer 12

trichomonas vaginalis

Question 13

how long prior to surgery can a patient drink non-clear fluids?

Answer 13

advised to fast from non-clear fluids from 6hrs prior to surgery

Question 14

how do you convert oral codeine to oral morphine?

Answer 14

divide by 10

Question 15

how do you convert oral morphine to sub cut morphine

Answer 15

divide by 2

Question 16

how do you convert oral morphine to oral oxycodone

Answer 16

divide by 1.5 or 2 (depends on guideline)

Question 17

how do you convert oral morphine to subcut diamorphine

Answer 17

divide by 3

Question 18

what is the treatment for parkinsons?

Answer 18

1. If motor symptoms are present which affect the patients quality of life then give levodopa

If motor symptoms are present but dont affect quality of life then give dopamine agonist (bromoscriptine, cabergoline), MAOB inhibitor (selegine)

2. If persistent with monotherapy try levodopa + dopamine agonist/MOAB/ COMT (entacopone)

Question 19

what do you use to treat drug induced parkinsons?

Answer 19

antimuscarinics such as procyclidine