Key concepts part 1 Flashcards
persistent unexplained hoarseness in someone over 45
urgent ENT referral
what investigation should all patients with suspected pericarditis have
Transthoracic echo
what is the investigation of choice for suspected aortic dissection
CT angio
when should you use rhythm control to treat AF
if there is co-existent heart failure, first onset AF or obvious reversible cause
what is beck’s triad?
hypotension, raised JVP, muffled heart sounds
characteristic of tamponade
which artery is involved in a lateral MI
left circumflex
widespread systolic murmur, hypotension, pulmonary oedema post MI
rupture of papillary muscle
what electrolyte/ABG findings are typical of cushings?
hypokalaemia metabolic alkalosis
what HBA1c is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus?
48 or above
whats an important complication of fluid resus in DKA especially in young patients?
cerebral oedema
how does Hashimotos present and what antibody is it associated with?
hypothyroidism + goitre + anti-TPO
anti- TPO
Hashimotos
TRAB antibodies
Graves
new onset dysphagia management
red flag - urgent endoscopy regardless of age or other symptom
secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy
lactulose + rifaximin
in which IBD do you get increased goblet cells
crohn’s disease
what is the diagnostic investigation of choice for pancreatic cancer?
high resolution CT
what test is used in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
coombs’ test
what electrolyte imbalance is caused by SIADH
hyponatraemia
when is hypertonic saline indicated
in patients with acute, severe, symptomatic hyponatraemia (<120)
what is a key complication of nephrotic syndrome?
increased risk of thromboembolism due to loss of antithrombin III and plasminogen in the urine
describe broca’s dysphasia
broken, non fluent speech, normal comprehension, repetition impaired
how long do the clusters of cluster headaches typically last
4-12 weeks
if clopidogrel is contraindicated, what is the long term secondary prevention of stroke?
aspirin plus modified release dipyramidole lifelong
which cancer is associated with gynaecomastia?
adenocarcinoma of the lung
what do you do in secondary pneumothorax less than 1cm
admit for 24 review and give O2
what is the management of displaced intracapsular hip fracture?
hemiarthroplasty or total hip replacement
back pain with previous history of cancer
red flag and urgent refferal
what is the most common cause of septic arthritis
staph aureus overall but consider n.gonorrhoea in young adults who are sexually active
patient with organic foreign body in eye (ie grass seed) management
urgent referal to ophthalmology for assessment (due to infection risk)
