Key concepts part 6 Flashcards
what is donepezil and what is a common side effect?
it is an anticholinesterase inhibotor used in the management of Alzheimers, and it can lead to 3rd degree heart block
what is a common side effect of transtuzumab
heart failure
what is the management of a benign Phyllodes tumour
lumpectomy
what is the most common and second most common parotid gland tumour?
Pleomorphic adenoma and warthins tumour
Low sodium in a euvolaemic patient - what condition should you consider?
SIADH
what does India Ink positive stain indicate
crytococcus meningitis (fungi)
what thyroid drug is associated with pancytopenia
carbimazole
what is the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia
- alpha blocker 2. finasteride
what is a contraindication to alpha blockers?
postural hypotension
when is a G6PD enzyme assay used?
to diagnose G6P deficiency - can only be checked 3 months post acute haemolysis (so in acute stage check direct antiglobin test)
what investigations can be used to differentiate between the types of leukaemia?
immunophenotyping
what organisms does splenectomy increase your risk for
H.influenzae, strep pneumonia, n.meningitidis
muddy brown casts
acute tubular necrosis
what drug is used in the management of trigeminal neuralgia
carbamazepine
how does excessive nitrous oxide inhalation cause subacute degeneration of the cord
nitric oxide reduces bioavailability of vitamin B12 leading to deficiency and thus subacute degeneration of the cord
if someone doesnt think their antidepressant is working - how long should it be taken for before deciding to switch them
4-6 weeks
what is the management of hypocalcaemia in CKD?
- reduce phosphate in diet
- phospahte binders ie sevelamer
- vitamin D ie calcitriol, alfacalcidol
- parathyroidectomy in severe cases
what are the complications of CKD? (they relate to the function)
- Hypertension + peripheral/pulmonary oedema (as the kidney regulates fluid levels)
- hypocalcaemia (as kidney activates vit D)
- metabolic acidosis (as kidney regulates acid base balance)
- uraemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalaemia (as kidney removes waste products)
- anaemia (as kidney produces EPO)
what should you do if you need to prescribe an SSRI with an NSAID (inc aspirin)
also prescribe a PPI due to GI bleeding risk
what are the tachycardia indications for DC cardioversion?
shock, syncope (actual LOC), MI, severe HF
what drug must be stopped temporarily prior to coronary angiography
metformin
at what time must all breech babies have a DDH USS?
6 weeks
how do you treat diveritculitis?
oral antibiotics at home - if they do not improve within 72hrs then admission to hospital for Iv ceftriaxone and metronidazole is indicated
what do you need to give the patient when they are being treated for ascites with large volume paracentesis?
albumin to reduce paracentesis induced circulatory dysfucntion
prior to what age is hand preference abnormal in a child?
prior to 12 months could indicate cerebral palsy
what is used to suppress nausea and vommiting in a patient with intracranial tumours?
dexamethasone
what pH is the cut off for safely using an NG tube?
<5.5 is safe to use, above 5.5 means need CXR to verify tube location
what electrolyte disturbance may be seen in acute pancreatitis
hypocalcaemia
what is the most common MOA for ankle sprain
inversion injuries
what are the ages for cervical screening in Scotland vs rest of UK
rest of UK: every 3 years from 25-49 and every 5 years from 50-64
Scotland: every 5 years from 25-64
what is the management of vestibular neuronitis?
prochlorperazine short term and then if condition remains then vestibular rehabilitation exercises
at what day and time should lithium levels be checked post dose change
7 days after dose change, 12 hours after last dose
which cancer does PSC increase the risk of
cholangiocarcinoma
