Key Associations part 3

Question 1

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

Answer 1

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Question 2

Hypopituitarism

Answer 2

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

Question 3

Congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism)

Answer 3

Thyroid dysgenesis/dyshormonogenesis, iodine deficiency

Question 4

Thyroid cancer

Answer 4

Papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)

Question 5

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 5

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

Question 6

1° hyperparathyroidism

Answer 6

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

Question 7

2° hyperparathyroidism

Answer 7

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

Question 8

Cushing syndrome

Answer 8

Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

Question 9

1° hyperaldosteronism

Answer 9

Adrenal hyperplasia or adenoma

Question 10

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

Answer 10

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

Question 11

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

Answer 11

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

Question 12

Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels

Answer 12

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas), associated with MEN1

Question 13

Esophageal cancer

Answer 13

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)

Question 14

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

Answer 14

Cushing ulcer (high intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)

Question 15

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Answer 15

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

Question 16

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

Answer 16

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

Question 17

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

Answer 17

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

Question 18

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Answer 18

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

Question 19

Site of diverticula

Answer 19

Sigmoid colon

Question 20

Diverticulum in pharynx

Answer 20

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

Question 21

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 21

HBV (+/– cirrhosis) or other causes of cirrhosis (eg, alcoholic liver disease, hemochromatosis), aflatoxins

Question 22

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

Answer 22

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

Question 23

Hereditary harmless jaundice

Answer 23

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

Question 24

Wilson disease

Answer 24

Hereditary ATP7B mutation (copper buildup in liver, brain, cornea, kidneys)

Question 25

Hemochromatosis

Answer 25

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, “bronze diabetes,” and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

Question 26

Pancreatitis (acute)

Answer 26

Gallstones, alcohol

Question 27

Pancreatitis (chronic)

Answer 27

Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)