Classic/Relevant treatments part 2

Question 1

Patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 1

Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs

Question 2

Stable angina

Answer 2

Sublingual nitroglycerin

Question 3

Hypercholesterolemia

Answer 3

Statin (first-line)

Question 4

Hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 4

Fibrate

Question 5

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

Answer 5

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

Question 6

Prolactinoma

Answer 6

Cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

Question 7

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 7

Desmopressin (central);
hydrochlorothiazide,
indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

Question 8

SIADH

Answer 8

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline

Question 9

Diabetic ketoacidosis/hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

Answer 9

Fluids, insulin, K+

Question 10

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 10

α-antagonists (eg, phenoxybenzamine)

Question 11

Carcinoid syndrome

Answer 11

Octreotide, telotristat

Question 12

Diabetes mellitus type 1

Answer 12

Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement

Question 13

Diabetes mellitus type 2

Answer 13

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

Question 14

Crohn disease

Answer 14

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

Question 15

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 15

5-ASA preparations (eg, mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

Question 16

Sickle cell disease

Answer 16

Hydroxyurea ( fetal hemoglobin)

Question 17

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Answer 17

BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (eg, imatinib)

Question 18

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

Answer 18

All-trans retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide

Question 19

Drug of choice for anticoagulation in pregnancy

Answer 19

Low-molecular-weight heparin

Question 20

Immediate anticoagulation

Answer 20

Heparin

Question 21

Long-term anticoagulation

Answer 21

Warfarin, dabigatran, direct factor Xa inhibitors

Question 22

Heparin reversal

Answer 22

Protamine sulfate

Question 23

Warfarin reversal

Answer 23

Vitamin K (slow) +/– fresh frozen plasma or prothrombin complex concentrate (rapid)

Question 24

Dabigatran reversal

Answer 24

Idarucizumab

Question 25

Direct factor Xa inhibitor reversal

Answer 25

Andexanet alfa

Question 26

HER2 ⊕ breast cancer

Answer 26

Trastuzumab

Question 27

Hemorrhagic cystitis from cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide

Answer 27

Mesna

Question 28

Nephrotoxicity from platinum compounds

Answer 28

Amifostine

Question 29

Cardiotoxicity from anthracyclines

Answer 29

Dexrazoxane

Question 30

Myelosuppression from methotrexate

Answer 30

Leucovorin