Key Associations Flashcards
Actinic (solar) keratosis
precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Acute gastric ulcer assoc with CNS injury
Cushing’s ulcer- inc ICP –> vagal gastric stim
Acute gastruc ulcer associated with severe burn
Curling ulcer- large dec in Plasma volume leads to sloughing off of gastric mucosa
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation with normal colon
Crohn’s disease- skip lesions
Dissecting aneurysm
HTN
Aortic, descending, or ascending aneurysm
Atherosclerosis
Aortic Arch aneurysm
tertiary syphilis- vaso vasorum destruction
Ascending Aortic aneurysm
Marfan syndrome- cystic medial degeneration
Mammilary body atrophy
Wernicke’s encephaloathy- Thiamine deficiency - Ataxia, opthalmoplegia, confusion
Autospenectomy
Sickle Cell Anemia- HbS
Bacteria associated with gastritis, PUD, and Stomach Cancer
H. Pylori
Bac meningitis in adults and elderly
Streptocccus Pneumoniase
Bac meningitis in newborns
Group B streptococcus
Bac meningitis in kids
S. Pneumoniase/ Nisseria Meningitidis
Benign melanocytic nevus
Spitz nevus- most common in 1st two decades
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
Bernard-Soulier syndrome- defect in platelet adhesion to vWF
Brain tumor in adults
Supratentorial: metastasis> astrocytoma (Glioblastoma multiforme)>meningioma>Schwannoma
Brain tumor in kids
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma of cerebellum
Supratentorial: Craniopharyngioma of Cerebrum
Breast Cancer
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
Breast Mass
Fibrocytic change
post menopausal women- carcinoma
Breast tumor- benign
fibroadenoma
Primary Cardiac tumor in kids
rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Libman Sacks endocarditis- non bacterial affects both sides of the mitral valve
Cardiac tumors of adults
Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 L to R atrium- “ball and valve”
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari malformation- often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia
Chronic arrhythmia
A. fib- associated with a high risk of emboli
Chronic atrophic gastritis- Autoimmune
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma
Can Cause pernicious anemia
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
Compression fracture
Osteoperosis
Type I= postmenopausal
Type II= elderly man or woman
Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21 hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital Cardiac Anomaly
VSD
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin Johnson syndrome- hepatocytes cannot secrete conjugated billirubin into the bile
Constrictive pericarditis
Tb- developing world
SLE- developed world
Order of Coronary arteries involved in thrombosis
LAD> RCA> LCA
Cretinism
Iodine deficiency/ Hypothyroidism
Cushings syndrome- causes
Iatrogenic- corticosteroid therapy
Ectopic Cortisol production
ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma
Paraneoplastic Cushings
Causes of early cyanosis (more common)
T of F, transposition of the great vessels, truncus arteriosus
Causes of late cyanosis (less common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
Cause of death in CML
Blast crisis
Cause of death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
Causes Dementia
Alz dz or multiple infarct demetia
A demyelinating disease in young women
MS
Causes of DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burnes, trauma, major surgery
Major nutrient deficient in diets
Fe
Diverticulum of the pharynx and how is it dx
Zenker’s diverticulum- dx with barium swallow
What murmur is an Ejection click a sign of
Aortic or pulmonic stenosis
MC types of Esophogeal cancer- in the US and world wide
World wide: Squamous cell carcinoma
US: Adenocarcinoma
Exotoxin mediated food poisoning
S. Aureus
B. Cereus
Causes of glomerulonephritis in adults
Berger’s disease- IgA nephropathy
MC Gynecologic malignancies in the US and world wide
US- Endometrial Carcinoma
Worldwide- Cervical Carcinoma
MC Congenital heart murmur
MVP
MC valves affected by bacterial endocarditis in rheumatic fever
Rheumatic feverMitral> aortic
MC valve affected by bacterial endocarditis in IV drug use
Tricuspid valve
MC Helminth infections in the US
Enterobius Vermicularis
Ascaris Lumricoides
Epidural Hematoma- cause, structure shape
Trauma to middle meningeal artery, lens shaped
Subdural hematoma- cause, structure, shape
rupture of bridging veins, crescent shaped, elderly and alchololics
Causes of Hemachromatosis
Multiple blood transfussion
HFE mutations- CHF, bronze diabetes, inc risk of hepatocellular Carcinoma
Causes of hepatocellular Carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver- associated with HBV, HCV, and alcoholism
MC hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand’s disease
Cause of hereditary harmless Jaundice
Gilberts syndrome- benign congenital unconjugated hyperbillirubinemia
Diseases associated with HLA- B27
Seronegative arthropathies:
Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter’s syndrome, Ulcerative Colitis, Psoriasis
Diseases associated with HLA- DR3, DR4
DMT1, RA, SLE
Malformations associated with a holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid or mitral regurgitation
Which triad is associated with- Hypercoagulatility, endothelial damage,blood stasis
Virchow’s triad- results in venous thrombosis
Secondary hypertension is a sign of what condition
Renal Disease
Major cause of hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
Major cause of hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma, usually benign
Infections secondary to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Catalase positive bacteria: S. Aureus, E. Coli, Aspergillus
Types of kidney stones and visibility on x ray
Ca= radiopaque
Struvite (amonium)= radiopaque formed from urease positive organisms ie proteus vulgaris or staphyloccocus
uric acid= radiolucent
Late cyanotic shunts (uncorrected L to R shunt becomes R to L)- Syndrome and abnormalities
Eisenmenger’s syndrome- ASD, VSD, PDA causes pulm HTN/ polycythemia
Common cause of liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher’s disease
Most common male cancer
prostatic cancer
malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
hodgkins lymphoma
MC malignancy in kids
ALL OR
medulloblastoma- cerebellum
MC cause of MR
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
Order of cancers that metastasize to bone
Prostate, breast> Lung> thyroid, testes
Order of cancers that metastasize to brain
Lung> breast> GU> osteosarcoma> melanoma> GI
Order of cancers that metastasize to Liver
Colon»_space; stomach, pancreas
Pattern of mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females but is only passed through females
Cause of Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
Disease that is mixed UMN and LMN lesion
ALS
microbe associated with myocarditis
Coxackie B virus
Cause of Nephrotic syndrome in adults
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Cause of Nephrotic syndrome in kids
Minimal change disease
Disease of Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome- hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and anosmia
Microbes of Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. Coli, P. Aeruginosa
Cause of obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
Malformation with opening snap on auscultation
Mitral stenosis
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
PCP
Microbe of Osteomyelitis
S. Aureus
Cause of osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell disease
Salmonella
Cause of osteomyelitis in IV drug user
Pseudomonas, S. Aureus
What is ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer called
Krukenberg tumor- mucin secreting signet ring cells
A Bilateral Benign ovarian tumor
Serous cystadenoma
A malignant ovarian tumor
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Causes of Acute pancreatitis
Gallstones, Alcohol
Causes of chronic pancreatitis in adults
Alcohol
Causes of chronic pancreatitis in kids
Cystic Fibrosis
Age pt with ALL
Children
Age of pt with CLL
adult>60
Age of pt with AML
Adult around 65
Age of pt with CML
Adult- 30-60
Causes of PID
Chlamydia trachomatis, Nisseria Gonorrhoeae
What cancers are associated with the philadephia chromosome- t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
CML, sometimes associated with AML or ALL
Most common types of pituitary tumors
Prolactinoma, Somatotropic “acidophilic” adenoma
Cause of primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome 45 (X,O)
Common primary bone tumor of adults
Multiple myeloma
Cause of Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
Cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenoma, hyperplasia, carcinoma
Common primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma- chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemachromatosis, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
Cause of pulmonary HTN
COPD
Disease associated with recurrent inflammation/ thrombosis of small and medium vessels in extremities
Buerger’s disease
Common renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma- assoc with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking, paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
Name of RHF caused by with pulmonary cause
Cor Pulmonale
Pathology associated with S3- Prodiastolic gallop
CHF- increased ventricular filling- L –> R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure
Pathology associated with S4- presystolic gallop
Stiff hypertrophic ventricle- aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy
Cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
MC sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia- usually coinfected with gonorrhea
Common cause of SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
Common site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
Order of sties of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta> coronary artery> popliteal artery> carotid artery
Common type of stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Disease associated with stomach ulcerations and high gastrin
Zollinger Ellison syndrome- gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas
Cancer associated with t(8;14)
Burkitt’s lymphoma- c-myc activation
Cancer associated with t(14:18)
Follicular lymphoma- bcl-2 activation
Risks associated with Temporal arteritis
Ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic artery.
Polymalgia rheumatica
Common testicular tumor
Seminoma
Common thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
Common tumor in women
Leiomyoma- Estrogen dependent, not precancerous
Common tumor of infancy
Hemangioma- usually regresses spontaneously by childhood
Common tumor or adrenal medulla in adults
Pheochromocytoma- usually benign
Common tumor of adrenal medulla in kids
Neuroblastoma- malignant
Types of hodgkins lymphoma
Nodular sclerosis vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion
Common type of NHL
Diffuse large cell
Causes of UTI
E. Coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus in young women
Cause of viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
Vitamin deficiency US
Folate- esp pregnant woman, body only has 3-4 months supply, prevents NTD