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USMLE > Antibiotics MOA > Flashcards

Antibiotics MOA Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Penicilins

A 
Bind PBP (transpeptidases) to block transpeptidation/ cross linking of peptidoglycans.
activates autolytic enzymes
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2
Q

Penicillinase resistant penicillins

A 
Bind PBP (transpeptidases) to block transpeptidation/ cross linking of peptidoglycans.  activates autolytic enzymes
Penicillinase resistant bc the bulky R group blocks access of beta lactamase to the beta lactam ring
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3
Q

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

A

Bind PBP (transpeptidases) to block transpeptidation/ cross linking of peptidogycans. Activates autolytic enzymes

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4
Q

Ticarcillin, Pipercillin (antipseduomonal penicillins)

A

Bind PBP (transpeptidases) to block transpeptidation/ cross liking of peptidoglycans. Activates autolytic enzymes

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5
Q

Cephalosporins

A

Beta-lactam drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

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6
Q

Aztreonam

A

Binds to PBP3 to prevent peptidoglycan cross linking

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7
Q

Imipenem/ Cislastin

A

Cislastatin keeps Imipenem in the system as a broad spectrum beta-lactamase- resistant carbapenem

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8
Q

Vancomycin

A

Binding D-ala-D-ala inhibits cell wall peptidoglycan formation

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9
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Inhibit formation of initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA. block translocation.
require O2 for uptake

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10
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Bind 30s and prevent attachment of aminoacyl tRNA

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11
Q

Macrolides

A

binds to 23s rRNA of 50S ribosomal subunit

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12
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Blocks peptidyltransferase 50s ribosomal subunit

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13
Q

Clindamycin

A

Blocks peptide transfer transpeptidation at 50s ribosomal subunit

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14
Q

Sulfonamides

A

PABA antimetabolites inhibit dihydropterate synthase

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15
Q

TMP

A

inhibts bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

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16
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase topoisomerase II and topoisomerase IV

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17
Q

Metronidazole

A

Forms free radical toxic metabolites that damage DNA

18
Q

Isoniazid

A

decreases synthesis of mycolic acid in KatG (peroxidase) positive bacteria

19
Q

Rifampin

A

Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase

20
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

Unknown

21
Q

Ethambutol

A

Blocks arabinosyltransferase- decreases carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall.

22
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Binds ergosterol –> formation of membrane pores that allow electrolyte leakage

23
Q

Nystatin

A

Binds ergosterol –> formation of membrane pores that allow electrolyte leakage

24
Q

Azoles

A

Inhibits the P-450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol (fungal sterol)

25
Q

Flucytosine

A

Inhibits DNA and RNA biosynthesis by conversion of 5-FU by cytosine daminase

26
Q

Caspofugin, micafugin

A

inhibits beta glucan synthesis which leads to inhibition of cell wall synthesis

27
Q

terbinafine

A

Inhibits squalene expoxidase- a fungal enzyme

28
Q

Griseofluvin

A

Interferes with microtubule function- disrupts mitosis.

Deposits in keratin containing tissues

29
Q

Chloroquine

A

Blocks detoxification of heme into hemozoin. heme accumulates and is toxic to plasmodia

30
Q

Zanamivir, Oseltamivir

A

Inhibits Influenza Neurominidase decreasing the release of pyrogeny virus

31
Q

Ribavirin

A

Competitive inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase inhibiting the synthesis of guanine nucleotides

32
Q

Acyclovir, Fanaciclovir

A

Guanosine analog monophosphorylated by HSV/HZV thymidine kinase. cellular enzymes form the triphosphate.
Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination

33
Q

Ganciclovir

A

Guanosine analog- CMV viral kinase forms a 5’-monophosphate. Triphosphate is formed by cellular kinases.
Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase

34
Q

Foscarnet

A

Binds to the phosphate binding site of viral DNA polymerase.
Does not require activation by a viral kinase

35
Q

Cidofovir

A

Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase. Does not require phosphorylation or viral kinase

36
Q 
"-navir"
Lopinavir
Atazanavir
Darunavir
Fosamprenavir
Saquinavir
Ritonavir
Indinavir
A

Protease inhibitors- blocks cleavage of HIV mRNA into functional parts preventing maturation of new viruses

37
Q 
Abacavir
Lamivudine
Zidovudine (AZT)
Didanosine
Stavudine
Emtricitabine
A

NRTI’s- Lack 3’OH group –> inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase and terminate DNA chain. Nucleoside analog –> require activation

38
Q

Tenofovir

A

NRTI- nucleotide analog thus does not require activation.

39
Q

Nevirapine
Efavirenz
Deliviridine

A

non competitive inhibitor of reverse transctiptase. Do not require phosphorylation

40
Q

Raltegavir

A

Integrase Inhibitor- inhibits HIV genome integration into host cell chromosome by reversibly inhibiting HIV integrase.

USMLE (12 decks)

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