Antibiotics MOA

Question 1

Penicilins

Answer 1

Bind PBP (transpeptidases) to block transpeptidation/ cross linking of peptidoglycans.
activates autolytic enzymes

Question 2

Penicillinase resistant penicillins

Answer 2

Bind PBP (transpeptidases) to block transpeptidation/ cross linking of peptidoglycans.  activates autolytic enzymes
Penicillinase resistant bc the bulky R group blocks access of beta lactamase to the beta lactam ring

Question 3

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

Answer 3

Bind PBP (transpeptidases) to block transpeptidation/ cross linking of peptidogycans. Activates autolytic enzymes

Question 4

Ticarcillin, Pipercillin (antipseduomonal penicillins)

Answer 4

Bind PBP (transpeptidases) to block transpeptidation/ cross liking of peptidoglycans. Activates autolytic enzymes

Question 5

Cephalosporins

Answer 5

Beta-lactam drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 6

Aztreonam

Answer 6

Binds to PBP3 to prevent peptidoglycan cross linking

Question 7

Imipenem/ Cislastin

Answer 7

Cislastatin keeps Imipenem in the system as a broad spectrum beta-lactamase- resistant carbapenem

Question 8

Vancomycin

Answer 8

Binding D-ala-D-ala inhibits cell wall peptidoglycan formation

Question 9

Aminoglycosides

Answer 9

Inhibit formation of initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA. block translocation.
require O2 for uptake

Question 10

Tetracyclines

Answer 10

Bind 30s and prevent attachment of aminoacyl tRNA

Question 11

Macrolides

Answer 11

binds to 23s rRNA of 50S ribosomal subunit

Question 12

Chloramphenicol

Answer 12

Blocks peptidyltransferase 50s ribosomal subunit

Question 13

Clindamycin

Answer 13

Blocks peptide transfer transpeptidation at 50s ribosomal subunit

Question 14

Sulfonamides

Answer 14

PABA antimetabolites inhibit dihydropterate synthase

Question 15

TMP

Answer 15

inhibts bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

Question 16

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 16

Inhibit DNA gyrase topoisomerase II and topoisomerase IV

Question 17

Metronidazole

Answer 17

Forms free radical toxic metabolites that damage DNA

Question 18

Isoniazid

Answer 18

decreases synthesis of mycolic acid in KatG (peroxidase) positive bacteria

Question 19

Rifampin

Answer 19

Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase

Question 20

Pyrazinamide

Answer 20

Unknown

Question 21

Ethambutol

Answer 21

Blocks arabinosyltransferase- decreases carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall.

Question 22

Amphotericin B

Answer 22

Binds ergosterol –> formation of membrane pores that allow electrolyte leakage

Question 23

Nystatin

Answer 23

Binds ergosterol –> formation of membrane pores that allow electrolyte leakage

Question 24

Azoles

Answer 24

Inhibits the P-450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol (fungal sterol)

Question 25

Flucytosine

Answer 25

Inhibits DNA and RNA biosynthesis by conversion of 5-FU by cytosine daminase

Question 26

Caspofugin, micafugin

Answer 26

inhibits beta glucan synthesis which leads to inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Question 27

terbinafine

Answer 27

Inhibits squalene expoxidase- a fungal enzyme

Question 28

Griseofluvin

Answer 28

Interferes with microtubule function- disrupts mitosis. | Deposits in keratin containing tissues

Question 29

Chloroquine

Answer 29

Blocks detoxification of heme into hemozoin. heme accumulates and is toxic to plasmodia

Question 30

Zanamivir, Oseltamivir

Answer 30

Inhibits Influenza Neurominidase decreasing the release of pyrogeny virus

Question 31

Ribavirin

Answer 31

Competitive inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase inhibiting the synthesis of guanine nucleotides

Question 32

Acyclovir, Fanaciclovir

Answer 32

Guanosine analog monophosphorylated by HSV/HZV thymidine kinase. cellular enzymes form the triphosphate. Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination

Question 33

Ganciclovir

Answer 33

Guanosine analog- CMV viral kinase forms a 5'-monophosphate. Triphosphate is formed by cellular kinases. Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase

Question 34

Foscarnet

Answer 34

Binds to the phosphate binding site of viral DNA polymerase. Does not require activation by a viral kinase

Question 35

Cidofovir

Answer 35

Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase. Does not require phosphorylation or viral kinase

Question 36

``` "-navir" Lopinavir Atazanavir Darunavir Fosamprenavir Saquinavir Ritonavir Indinavir ```

Answer 36

Protease inhibitors- blocks cleavage of HIV mRNA into functional parts preventing maturation of new viruses

Question 37

``` Abacavir Lamivudine Zidovudine (AZT) Didanosine Stavudine Emtricitabine ```

Answer 37

NRTI's- Lack 3'OH group --> inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase and terminate DNA chain. Nucleoside analog --> require activation

Question 38

Tenofovir

Answer 38

NRTI- nucleotide analog thus does not require activation.

Question 39

Nevirapine Efavirenz Deliviridine

Answer 39

non competitive inhibitor of reverse transctiptase. Do not require phosphorylation

Question 40

Raltegavir

Answer 40

Integrase Inhibitor- inhibits HIV genome integration into host cell chromosome by reversibly inhibiting HIV integrase.