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USMLE > Classic labs/ findings > Flashcards

Classic labs/ findings Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anticentromere Ab

A

CREST syndrome

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) Ab

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane Ab

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome- glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis

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4
Q

Antihistone Ab

A

drug induced SLE- HIPP- Hydralazine, INH, Phenytoin, Procainamide

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5
Q

Anti IgG Ab

A

RA- systemic inflammation, joint pannus, buotonniere deformity

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6
Q

Anti mitochondrial Ab

A

primary biliary cirrhosis- Female, cholestasis, protal HTN

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7
Q

cANCA

A

Wegners granulomatosis- granulomatosis with polyangiitis

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8
Q

pANCA

A

Churg Strauss syndrome- microscopic polyangiitis

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9
Q

ANA- Anti smith and anti dsDNA

A

SLE

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10
Q

Antiplatelet Ab

A

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

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11
Q

Anti Topoisomerase Ab

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

Anti- transglutamaminase/ anti gliadin/ anti endomysial Ab

A

Celiac disease- diarrhea, distension, weight loss

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13
Q

Apple core lesion on abdominal xray

A

colorectal cancer- left sided

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14
Q

azurophilic peroxidase positive granular incluions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods- AML type M3- promyelocytic

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15
Q

bacitracin response- sensitive vs immune

A

streptococcus pyogenes group A= sensitive

streptococcus agalactiae group B= resistant

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16
Q

Bamboo spine on x ray

A

ankylosing spodylitis- chronic inflammatory arthritis- HLA- B27

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17
Q

Basophillic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

howell Jolly bodies= spenectomy or non functional spleen

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18
Q

basophillic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisonin or sideroblastic anemia

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19
Q

bloody tap on LP

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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20
Q

boot shaped heart on x ray

A

tetralogy of fallot, RVH

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21
Q

branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelii

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22
Q

bronchogenic apiacl lung tumor on imaging

A

pancoast tumor- can compress sympathetic ganglia and cause horners

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23
Q

brown tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica- hemosiderin deposits from hemorrhage give brown color

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24
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas Disease- T. cruzi

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25
Q

cellular cresents in Bowmans capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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26
Q

chocolate cyst of ovary

A

endometriosis- frequently involves both ovaries

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27
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrills

A

homer writght rosettes- neuroblastomma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma

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28
Q

colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

A

cystic fibrosis- AR mutation in CFTR (pos 508) resulting in fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs

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29
Q

decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/ maternal serum

A

Down serum or other chromosomal abnormality

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30
Q

degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

tabes doesales- tertiary syphilis- subacute combined degeneration of dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts

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31
Q

depigmentation of neuromas in sustantia nigra

A

PD

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32
Q

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curshmans spiral- bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs

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33
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call- Exner bodies- granulosa- theca cell tumor of the ovary

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34
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical ells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

kolocytes- HPV presidposes to cancer

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35
Q

enlarged cells with Intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Owl’s Eye” appearance of CMV

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36
Q

enlarged thryroud cells with ground glass nuclei

A

Ophan Annie Eyes nuclei- papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

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37
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in hepatocyte

A

mallory bodies- alcoholic liver disease

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38
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cells

A

lewy bodies- PD

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39
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

councilman body- toxic or viral hepatitis, yellow fever

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40
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

A

negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)

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41
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in grey matter of brain

A

senile plaques (Alz)

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42
Q

Gian B cells with bilobed nuclie with prominent inclusions (“Owls’s Eye”)

A

Reed Sternberg cells of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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43
Q

Glomerulus like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller- Duval bodies- yolk sac tumor

44
Q

Hair on end (crew cut) appearance on x ray

A

marrow expansion- beta thal, Sickle Cell Anemia

45
Q

Elevated hCG

A

Choriocarcinoma, hydatiform mole (occurs with and w/o embryo)

46
Q

Heart Nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies- Rheumatic fever

47
Q

Heterophile Ab

A

Infectious Mono EBV

48
Q

Hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot- Leyden Crsytals: Eosinophilic granules)

49
Q

High level of d-Dmier

A

DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC

50
Q

Hilar LAD, peripheral granulomatous lesions in middle or lower lung lobes that can calcify

A

Ghon Complex of primary Tb

51
Q

Honeycomb Lung on Xray or CT

A

intestinal pulmonary fibrosis

52
Q

Hypercoagularibility leading to DVT and vasculitis

A

Trousseau’s syndrome- adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung

53
Q

Hypersegmented Neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)

54
Q

HTN, HypoK, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome

55
Q

Hypochromic microcytic anemia

A

Anemia- Fe deficiency, Pb poisoning, thalassemia

56
Q

Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/ maternal serum

A

dating error, ancephaly, spina bifida (NTD)

57
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch- Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

58
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet like bodies

A

Cowdry bodies type A- HSV, CMV

59
Q

Fe containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferrunginous bodies- asbestosis leading to increased risk of mesothelioma

60
Q

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

61
Q

large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, Immunodeficiency

A

Chediak Higashi syndrome- failure of formation of phagolysosome

62
Q

Lead pipe appearance of colon on barium enema xray

A

Ulcerative Colitiis- loss of haustra

63
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture’s disease

64
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s disease (hepatocellular degeneration)

65
Q

Lump bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluoresence

A

post streptococcal glomerulonephritis- Immune complex depot of IgG and C3b

66
Q

Lytic bone lesions- hole punched

A

Multiple myeloma

67
Q

Mammary gland (‘blue domed”) cyst

A

fibcorcytic change of breast

68
Q

monoclonal Ab spike

A

multiple myeloma- IgG, IgA
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance- normal with aging
Waldenstrom’s M (IgM) macroglobulinemia
primary amyloidosis

69
Q

mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

signet ring cell- gastric carcinoma

70
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barrium xray

A

Crohn disease- string sign

71
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis of lungs and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Wegners- granulomatous and polyangitis, cANCA

Goodpasturnes syndrome- anti basement membrane Ab

72
Q

Needle shaped, negatively bifringent crystals

A

Gout- monosodium urate crystals

73
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

diabetic nephropathy- kimmelstiel wilson nodules

74
Q

novobiocin response

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis- sensitive

staphylococcus saprophyticus- resistant

75
Q

“nutmeg liver”

A

chronic passive congestion of liver from RHF

76
Q

“onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewig Sarcoma- malignant round cell tumor

77
Q

optochin response

A

Streptococcus penumoniae- sensitive

Viridans Streptococcus- resistant

78
Q

periosteum raised from bone creating a triangular area

A

osteosarcoma, Ewig’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis- codmans triangle on x ray

79
Q

Podocyte fusion or effacement on EM

A

minimal change disease- child with nephrotic syndrome

80
Q

polished, ivory like appearance of bone at cartallige erosion

A

Eburnation- OA resulting in bony sclerosis

81
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hypophosphorylation of taur protein

A

Alz- neurofibrillary tangles

Pick’s disease- Pick’s bodies

82
Q

Psammoma Bodies

A

meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

83
Q

pseudopallisaiding tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

glioblastoma multiforme

84
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

acute glomerulonephritis

85
Q

rectangular crystal like cytoplasmic inclusions in leydig cells

A

Rienke crystals- lyedig cell tumor

86
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute glomerular nephritis

87
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively biferingent

A

pseudogout- Ca pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals

88
Q

Rib notching

A

coarctation of the aorta

89
Q

ring enhancing brain lesions in AIDS

A

toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

90
Q

Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale tingible- body laden macrophages= starry sky histology

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma= t8;14- c-myc activation, assoc with EBV

91
Q

silver staining spherical aggression of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick disease- Pick bodies- progressive dementia with changes in personality

92
Q

“soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

giant cell tumor of bone- normally benign

93
Q

“spikes on basement membrane”, “dome like” subepithelial deposits

A

membranous glomerulonephritis- may progress to nephritic syndrome

94
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

rouleaux formation- high EST, multiple myeloma

95
Q

stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

Gardinella Vaginalis- “clue cells”

96
Q

Tennis Racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles on EM in langerhan cells

A

Langerhans cells histiocytosis or histiocytosis x: eosinophillic granuloma- Birbeck granules

97
Q

thrombi made of white/ red layer

A

Lines of Zahn- arterial thrombus made of layers of platelets/ RBCs

98
Q

Thumb sign on lateral xray

A

epiglottitis- H. Flu

99
Q

Thyroid like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

100
Q

Tran-trak appearance of capillary loops of glomerular membranes on light microscopy

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

101
Q

triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver disease- alcoholic or metabolic syndrome

102
Q

“waxy casts” with very low urine flow

A

chronic ESRD

103
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis

104
Q

Smude cells

A

CLL- almost always B cell

105
Q

“Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

lupus nephropathy

106
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia- SAH

USMLE (12 decks)

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