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Advanced concepts in Phys and pharm > keep forgetting !! > Flashcards

keep forgetting !! Flashcards

1
Q

what effect can pharmacokinetic antagonists have - give example

A

Some antibiotics increase the metabolism of drugs like warfarin, reducing its effective concentration in the blood steam

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2
Q

what is physiological antagonism, give example of this

A

When two or more drugs interact with opposing actions in the body or act through separate cells/difference transduction systems

eg. Noradrenaline raises arterial blood pressure by acting on the heart and peripheral blood vessels while histamine acts to reduce arterial blood pressure by causing vasodilation

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3
Q

give the action of Non-competitive antagonists , give an example

A

do not compete with the agonist but block some step in theprocess between the receptor and the response

e.g. Dihydropyridines bind to an block Ca 2+ channels rather than the receptor itself which is activated by noradrenaline

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4
Q

what are prostoglandins

A

lipids made ad the site of infection of tissue damage

control - inflammation, blood flow, clotting, uterus contraction

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5
Q

what can inhibit the Na+/K+ pump

A

cardiac glyscosides - oaubain and digoxin

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6
Q

what is the metformin transporter

A

OCT 1

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7
Q

what is the paracetamol intermediate

A

NAPQ1 its toxic

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8
Q

what is cyclosporin and what is its action

A

immunosuppressant for rheumatoid arthritis,Crohn’s disease, in organ transplants

bidns to cycloophillin in the cell, blocks action of calcineurin, dephospho rylation of NF kappa Beta so no transcription of cytokines

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9
Q

3 things that can be done to change the open probability of a transporter

A

HC03
pH change
Gprotien

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10
Q

anion concentration in the cell

A

65 IC

0 EC

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11
Q

what family is the Ca2+ pump in

A

the Ptype ATPase family

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12
Q

when activated what will PLC cause

A

PIP2 to split into IP3 and DAG

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13
Q

what can activate Ryanodine receptors

A

ryanodine, cADP ribose and caffeine

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14
Q

what inhibits AE3

A

DIDS

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15
Q

how many TM domains does AE have

A

14 > 8 is important in transport

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16
Q

How many TM domains does NHE1 have

A

12

17
Q

what inhibits NHE1

A

ammiloride /EIPA

18
Q

what activates PKC

A

calcium

19
Q

what activates PKA

A

ATP

20
Q

example of and antioxidant

A

asorbic acid

21
Q

example of a free radical scavenger

A

ethanol

22
Q

example of a chemical antagonist

A

dimercaprol

23
Q

how to limit desensitisation

A

add antagonist

24
Q

2 adverse reactions you can have to biopharmaceuicals

A
  1. exaggerated pharm - hgiher specificity than planned

2. Antidrug antibody reaction - accelerated clearance or exposure prolonged

25
Q

what is the partition coefficient

A

measure of the lipophilicity of a drug and an indication of its ability to cross the cell membrane

26
Q

what does a high partition coefficent show

A

efficient at entering the lipid compartment - usually non polar

Are more rapidly filtered by kidneys though
want a high PC for CNS drugs

27
Q

pH in stomach, plasma and kidneys/urine

A

stomach - 2.5.
plasma 7.1
kidneys/urine 8

28
Q

2 things that can and 2 that cannot cross the BBB

A

can - Ethanol and caffeine

Cant - chemotherapy drugs, antibiotics

29
Q

3 types of Prostanoids

A

prostoglandis, thromboxanes prostocyclins

30
Q

what do thromboxanes do and example

A

mediate vasoconstriction and clot formation eg. (TXA2)

31
Q

role of prosotocyclins

A

inhibit platlet aggregation and vasodalation

32
Q

COX 1 role and location

A

in kidney and colon, on all the time, produce prostaglandins involved in platelet aggregation and mucus secretion

33
Q

asprin role, where absorbed and what can it treat

A

rapidly absorbed in the ileum

prevents COX 1 working so stomach ulceration

can treat - alzheimers, colon caner and thrombosis

34
Q

what is rheumatoid arthritis and risk factors (2)

A

inflammation of the synovial joint

genetics and smoking

35
Q

activation of TH1 cells results in

A
  1. activates macrophages
  2. they secrete cytokines
  3. recruit cells that erode cartilage and bone (fibroblasts and osteoblasts )
36
Q

3 types of DMARDs and there action

A

methotrexate - folic acid antagonist
sulfasalazine
drugs with metal ions - free radical scavengers

37
Q

mast cells role and role in late stage asthma

A

release granules to fight parasitic infections

in late stage asthma - mast cell activation causes inflammation, cytokines cause leukocytes infiltration

38
Q

TH2 cell activity

A

make IgE antibodies

Advanced concepts in Phys and pharm (14 decks)

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