Karius Autonomics 2 Lecture

Question 1

Sympathetic Fight of Flight

Eye sight: Pupil

Answer 1

DILATION OF PUPIL

Radial muscle of the Iris: alpha adrenergic receptors

contraction of muscle leads to dilation of pupil to allow more light in

Question 2

Sympathetic Fight of Flight

Energy source

Answer 2

PRIMARILY glucose, because cutting FAs down two carbons at a time is too time consuming

Question 3

Sympathetic Fight of Flight

Eye Sight: Ciliary

Answer 3

Ciliary lens helps with distance

Ciliary muscle uses beta-2 adrenergic receptor

relaxation of muscle leads to flattening of lens allowing you to focus on far objects

Question 4

Sympathetic Fight of Flight

Heart

Answer 4

uses both beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors

increases heart rate and strength of contraction

Question 5

Sympathetic Fight of Flight

Vascular supply

Answer 5

alpha receptors cause contraction of vascular smooth muscle and lead to vasoconstriction

This is the exception to the alpha-adrenergic-smooth-muscle relaxation rule

alpha-adrenergic receptors in vascular smooth muscle cause it to constrict (vasoconstriction)

beta receptors cause relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and lead to vasodilation

Question 6

alpha adrenergic receptors in the eye and vascular smooth muscle

Answer 6

in the eye (radial muscle that control the pupil) relax use them to allow more light into the eye

vascular smooth muscle uses them to signal vasoconstriction–rather than relaxation; the beta receptors cause relaxation

Question 7

Most arteries and veins have what kind of receptors?

Answer 7

alpha and beta

Question 8

Heart Lungs Abdominal Kidneys Skeletal: sympathetics

alpha/beta

Answer 8

SYMPATHETICS

heart, not a major user of them
skeletal (STRONGly effected)
lungs (not a major player)
abdominal organs 
kidneys

Question 9

what systems only have alpha receptors on their arterial supply?

Answer 9

Skin and mucosa (vasoconstriction: limits bleeding)
Salivary glands (vasoconstriction: dry mouth without blood)
brain: vasoconstriction to prevent blood flow if there's been major damage

Question 10

Bronchial smooth muscle use (sympathetics)

Answer 10

beta2 receptors
smooth muscle relaxation
bronchodilation

vasculature relaxes in order to get more blood to them (oxygen)

Question 11

bronchial glands (sympathetics)

Answer 11

alpha-1 (Decreases secretion)
beta-2 (increase secretion)

bronchial secretions are needed for moisture
if youre running, so much air comes in that it dries the lungs so the secretions are required to humidify the air, but they have to be simultaneously controlled

Question 12

Digestive Track (sympathetics)

Answer 12

TURN THIS SUCKER OFF

Motility of the gut decreases: alpha 1 and beta

Sphincters: alpha 1 cause contraction

Secretion: alpha2 decreases section

so there

decrease motility, contracts sphincter to prevent food going to intestine (because it will be digested)

Question 13

Digestive Secretion (sympathetics)

Liver

Answer 13

alpha 1 and beta 2 receptors

increase glycogeonolysis (release of glucose)

Question 14

Digestive Secretion (sympathetics)

Adipose tissue

Answer 14

alph1, beta1, beta 3 receptors

increase lipolysis

Question 15

Ciliary muscle is ____ by _____ stimulation. This causes the _____ to _____ to ____ _____ _____ ____

Answer 15

relaxed by beta-2 receptors

this causes the muscle to flatten to allow more light into the lens

Question 16

Typically alpha receptors cause ____ in smooth muscle. In vascular smooth muscle however they cause

Answer 16

relaxation

vasoconstriction

Question 17

beta receptors cause _____ in the vasculature

Answer 17

relaxation

Question 18

you won’t find alpha receptors in the

Answer 18

brain, skin/mucosa, and salivary glands