Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Exam 1 > Hemodynamics Ballam > Flashcards

Hemodynamics Ballam Flashcards

1
Q

the rate at which blood is pumped from the ventricles is called the

A

cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cardiac output =

A

SV X HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CO%: Cerebral

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CO%: Coronary

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CO%: Renal

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CO%: Gastrointestinal

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CO%: Skeletal muscle

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CO%: skin

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Three main mechanisms of distributing blood to the major organ systems: 1

A

CO is constant, but blood flow is redistributed among the organ systems by the selective alteration of arteriolar resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Three main mechanisms of distributing blood to the major organ systems: 2

A

CO increases or decreases, but %’s remain the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Three main mechanisms of distributing blood to the major organ systems: 3

A

CO is altered AND %s are altered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stressed Volume

A

the volume of blood in the arteries (under high pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where is the site of highest resistance to blood flow

A

arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

arterioles have what kinds of receptors that do what

A

alpha 1 adrenergic receptors that cause vasoconstriction. vasoconstriction increases resistance

beta adrenergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

at any given moment the greatest amount of blood is contained in the

A

veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

unstressed volume

A

% of blood in the veins (!00%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

veins have ____ receptors

A

adrenergic receptors, causing contraction and reducing their capacitance, therefore, reducing unstressed volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

velocity of blood flow =

A

v = Q/ A

Q = flow ml/s
A = cross sectional area (cm squared)

A = pi(r^squared), r= radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the units of velocity are

A

cm/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

as vessel diameter increases, velocity

A

decreases, because radius in the calculation for Area is squared, so it continually gets bigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the relationship between pressure, resistance, and flow: formula

A

Flow (Q) / Delta Pressure/ R

Q = P/R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the magnitude of blood flow is directly proportional to

A

size of pressure difference

Q = P/R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Blood flow is _____ proportional to resistance

A

inversely proportional

Q = P/R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

TPR

A

total peripheral resistance

can be measured by substitution Q (flow) with CO, and the pressure difference between vena cava and aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
SVR
systemic vascular resistance (SVR) = TPR
26
Poiseuille equation tells us what
the relationship between resistance, blood vessel diameter and blood viscosity the Poiseuille equation allows us to determine the resistance of the a blood vessel to blood flow.
27
Poiseuille equation: formula
R = (8 * viscosity of blood * length of blood vessel)/ (radius of blood vessel raised to fourth power * pi)
28
What big picture relationshops of the Poiseuille equation can we talk about without seeing numbers?
direct and indirect relations, and that with each increase in the radius of the blood vessel, the numerator is reduced by fourth power of the radius when radius increases, resistance decreases
29
Total resistance of the system arranged in series is
equal to the sum of the individual resistances R+R+R
30
Which factor in total vascular resistance is the most determinant?
arteriolar resistance
31
the greatest decrease in pressure occurs in the
arterioles, because they contribute the most to resistance
32
Parallel resistance
I/R (total) = 1/R + 1/R etc as you add R's, total R decreases
33
1500 foot level insights about parallel R and in series R
in series R: the total flow through all of the them will be equal, pressure decreases progressively in parallel R: flow will be cumulative, each contributing a fraction to the overall flow, but the pressure in them all remains the same
34
Mean pressure of the Aorta
100 mmHg
35
Mean pressure of the Large arteries
100, 120 systolic, 80 diastolic
36
Mean pressure of the arterioles
50
37
Mean pressure of the capillaries
20
38
Mean pressure of the vena cava
4
39
Mean pressure of the Right Atrium
0-2
40
Mean pressure of the Pulmonary arteries
15: systolic 15, diastolic 8
41
Mean pressure of the pulmonary capillaries
10
42
Mean pressure of the pulmonary veins
8 mmHg
43
Mean pressure of the left atrium
2-5 mmHg
44
Which vessel has the most area? What is its volume?
capillaries have the most area but very little volume
45
Which vessel has the most volume? what is its area?
Veins have the most volume and the second most area after capillaries
46
Cardiac output = (Ballam's formula)
(arterial pressure - venous pressure)/TPR (total peripheral resistance)
47
Laminar Flow
blood flow in the cardiovascular system is parabolic blood towards the center is faster than blood near the vessel walls, as a result each successive layer of blood near the centers is a little bit faster
48
Velocity of blood at the vessel wall is __ and the blood at the center is
0 | maximal
49
Turbulence
occurs when vessel wall has disturbances. fluid streams do not remain in a parabolic shape and begin to mix often accompanied by murmurs
50
What is the energy profile of turbulence compared to laminar flow?
requires more energy to pump (in terms of pressure) | often
51
Reynolds number
dimensionless number that predicts whether blood flow will be laminar or turbulent
52
Reynolds number =
(density of blood)(diameter of blood vessel)(velocity of blood flow)/ viscosity of blood
53
2000
if reynold's is above 2000, blood flow will be turb | if reynolds is below 2000, blood flow will be laminar
54
Increasing what 3 factors will increase Reynold's number?
density of the blood diameter of the blood vessel velocity of the blood
55
Decrease what factor will increase Reynold's number
viscosity of the blood
56
bruits
heart sounds made when reynold's is turbulent
57
ateriosclerosis
lesions
58
Compliance of bloodvessels
how much the vessel can expand in response to a given chance in lumen hydrostatic pressure
59
compliance =
(change in volume)/(change in pressure)
60
compliance of arteries vs veins
vein > arteries C = V/P
61
What kind of compensation does an old artery need in order to hold the same volume as a young artery?
it has to have more pressure
62
Diacrotic notch
is a slight dip in aortic pressure below systole when the aortic valve closes. closure produces momentary retrograde movement of blood back toward valve, causing pressure dip.
63
Pulse pressure
the pressure difference between systole and diastole
64
mean arterial pressure =
diastolic pressure + 1/3 Pulse Pressure
65
increasing smooth muscle causes
shift in compliance, moving blood from veins to arterial side and increasing pressure compliance itself doesnt really change but shifts curve downward
66
lesions of the arteries will cause
decrease in compliance = pressures in the arteries will be increased
67
compliance is determined by the _____ pressure
pulse pressure , which is the difference is between diastole and systole
68
Equation for Velocity Resistance Reynold's number Blood flow compliance
v = Q/A R = (L * viscosity * 8)/(pi r^4) so think R = 1/ r^4 Reynolds = (Density * Velocity * diameter of vessel)/viscosity of blood Q = deltaP/R Compliance = V/P
69
effect of aortic stenosis on arterial pressure
causes a decreases in aortic pressure
70
effect of arteriosclerosis on arterial pressure
increases pressure
71
how would an increase in resistance effect the pulse pressure?
it wouldnt change, but the mean pressure would increase
72
Swansgans catheter
put in the jugular vein, goes vein ---> right atria --> right ventricle ---> pulmonary artery: balloon opens here tells us pressure in left atrium, left ventricle but actually a little bit greater than left ventricle pressure

Cardiopulmonary Exam 1 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions