K02 Flashcards
process choice
A way of structuring the process by organizing
resources around the process or organizing them
around the products
job process
A process with the flexibility needed to produce a wide variety of products in significant quantities, with considerable divergence in the steps performed
batch process
A process that differs from the job process with respect to volume, variety, and quantity.
line process
A process that lies between the batch and continuous processes on the continuum
continuous flow process
The extreme end of high-volume standardized production and rigid line flows, with production not starting and stopping for long time intervals
design order strategy
A strategy that involves designing new products that do not currently exist, and then manufacturing them to meet unique customer specifications.
make to order
A strategy used by manufacturers that make products to customer specifications in low volumes
assemble to order
A strategy for producing a wide variety of products from relatively few subassemblies and components after the customer orders are received
make to stock
A strategy that involves holding items in stock for immediate delivery, thereby minimizing customer delivery times
customer involvement
reflects the ways in which customers become part of the process and the extent of their participation
resource flexibility
account for process divergence and diverse process flows when making resource flexibility decisions
capoital intensity
the mix of equipment and human skills in the process
fixed automation
A manufacturing process that produces one type of part or product in a fixed sequence of simple operations.
flexible automation
A manufacturing process that can be changed easily to handle various products.
process reengineering
the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of processes to improve performance dramatically in terms of cost, quality, service, and speed
process improvement
The systematic study of the activities and flows of each process to improve it
process analysis
the documentation and detailed understanding of how work is performed and how it can be redesigned
six sigma
leads to improvements in process performance: define, measure, analyze, improve, control
flowcharts
A diagram that traces the flow of information, customers, equipment, or materials through the various steps of a process
time study method
A work measurement method using a trained analyst to perform four basic steps in setting a time standard for a job or process
elemental standard data
A database of standards compiled by a firm’s analysts for basic elements that they can draw on later to estimate the time required for a particular job
the predetermined data method
A database approach that divides each work element into a series of micromotions that make up the element
work sampling
A process that estimates the proportion of time spent by people or machines on different activities, based on observations randomized over time
process charts
An organized way of documenting all the activities performed by a person or group of people, at a workstation, with a customer, or on materials
average labor costs
(time to perform in hrs)(variable costs per hour)(# of times process is performed per hour)
checklists
A form used to record the frequency of occurrence of certain process failures
process failure
Any performance shortfall, such as error, delay, environmental waste, rework, and the like.
pareto chart
A bar chart on which factors are plotted along the horizontal axis in decreasing order of frequency
brainstorming
Letting a group of people, knowledgeable about the process, propose ideas for change by saying whatever comes to mind
benchmarking
A systematic procedure that measures a firm’s processes, services, and products against those of industry leaders.
