K02

Question 1

process choice

Answer 1

A way of structuring the process by organizing
resources around the process or organizing them
around the products

Question 2

job process

Answer 2

A process with the flexibility needed to produce a wide variety of products in significant quantities, with considerable divergence in the steps performed

Question 3

batch process

Answer 3

A process that differs from the job process with respect to volume, variety, and quantity.

Question 4

line process

Answer 4

A process that lies between the batch and continuous processes on the continuum

Question 5

continuous flow process

Answer 5

The extreme end of high-volume standardized production and rigid line flows, with production not starting and stopping for long time intervals

Question 6

design order strategy

Answer 6

A strategy that involves designing new products that do not currently exist, and then manufacturing them to meet unique customer specifications.

Question 7

make to order

Answer 7

A strategy used by manufacturers that make products to customer specifications in low volumes

Question 8

assemble to order

Answer 8

A strategy for producing a wide variety of products from relatively few subassemblies and components after the customer orders are received

Question 9

make to stock

Answer 9

A strategy that involves holding items in stock for immediate delivery, thereby minimizing customer delivery times

Question 10

customer involvement

Answer 10

reflects the ways in which customers become part of the process and the extent of their participation

Question 11

resource flexibility

Answer 11

account for process divergence and diverse process flows when making resource flexibility decisions

Question 12

capoital intensity

Answer 12

the mix of equipment and human skills in the process

Question 13

fixed automation

Answer 13

A manufacturing process that produces one type of part or product in a fixed sequence of simple operations.

Question 14

flexible automation

Answer 14

A manufacturing process that can be changed easily to handle various products.

Question 15

process reengineering

Answer 15

the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of processes to improve performance dramatically in terms of cost, quality, service, and speed

Question 16

process improvement

Answer 16

The systematic study of the activities and flows of each process to improve it

Question 17

process analysis

Answer 17

the documentation and detailed understanding of how work is performed and how it can be redesigned

Question 18

six sigma

Answer 18

leads to improvements in process performance: define, measure, analyze, improve, control

Question 19

flowcharts

Answer 19

A diagram that traces the flow of information, customers, equipment, or materials through the various steps of a process

Question 20

time study method

Answer 20

A work measurement method using a trained analyst to perform four basic steps in setting a time standard for a job or process

Question 21

elemental standard data

Answer 21

A database of standards compiled by a firm’s analysts for basic elements that they can draw on later to estimate the time required for a particular job

Question 22

the predetermined data method

Answer 22

A database approach that divides each work element into a series of micromotions that make up the element

Question 23

work sampling

Answer 23

A process that estimates the proportion of time spent by people or machines on different activities, based on observations randomized over time

Question 24

process charts

Answer 24

An organized way of documenting all the activities performed by a person or group of people, at a workstation, with a customer, or on materials

Question 25

average labor costs

Answer 25

(time to perform in hrs)(variable costs per hour)(# of times process is performed per hour)

Question 26

checklists

Answer 26

A form used to record the frequency of occurrence of certain process failures

Question 27

process failure

Answer 27

Any performance shortfall, such as error, delay, environmental waste, rework, and the like.

Question 28

pareto chart

Answer 28

A bar chart on which factors are plotted along the horizontal axis in decreasing order of frequency

Question 29

brainstorming

Answer 29

Letting a group of people, knowledgeable about the process, propose ideas for change by saying whatever comes to mind

Question 30

benchmarking

Answer 30

A systematic procedure that measures a firm’s processes, services, and products against those of industry leaders.