JVD 2014, Issue 2 (JW)

Question 1

Clinicopathologic Characterization of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma in 8 Cats

Where was the location of the lesion in these cats?

Answer 1

The mucogingival tissues immediately vestibular to the mandibular first molar tooth

Question 2

Clinicopathologic Characterization of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma in 8 Cats

How many cats had bilateral lesions (versus unilateral)?

Answer 2

50% were bilateral (4 out of 8 cats)

Question 3

Clinicopathologic Characterization of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma in 8 Cats

In how many cases was it noted that the ipsilateral maxillary P4 was traumatically contacting the lesion?

Answer 3

In 50% of the cases

Question 4

Clinicopathologic Characterization of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma in 8 Cats

How many biopsy samples showed ulcerated surface of the lesion?

Answer 4

All of them

Question 5

Clinicopathologic Characterization of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma in 8 Cats

What percentage of biopsies contained hemosiderin-laden macrophages?

Answer 5

92.3% (12 of 13)

Question 6

Clinicopathologic Characterization of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma in 8 Cats

What were the treatments performed?

Answer 6

Either surgical excision alone, surgical excision + odontoplasty of the maxillary P4, or surgical excision and surgical extraction of the maxillary P4

Question 7

Clinicopathologic Characterization of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma in 8 Cats

What was the overall recurrence rate, regardless of treatment type?

Answer 7

43% (9/21)

Question 8

Clinicopathologic Characterization of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma in 8 Cats

What was the recurrence rate for surgical excision alone?

Answer 8

100% (5/5)

Question 9

Clinicopathologic Characterization of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma in 8 Cats

Which treatment had the lowest recurrence rate, and what was it?

Answer 9

The lowest recurrence rate (10%, 1/10) occured in the group treated with extraction of the maxillary P4 and surgical excision of the lesion

Question 10

Oral Osteoma in 6 Dogs

What is an osteoma?

Answer 10

Benign neoplasm composed of histologically normal mature compact and/or trabecular bone

Question 11

Oral Osteoma in 6 Dogs

Does osteoma cause lysis or destruction?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

Oral Osteoma in 6 Dogs

Where do osteomas originate from?

Answer 12

Peripheral osteomas develops from the periosteum; central osteomas develop from the endosteum; extraskeletal osteomas are located in soft tissue (mostly muscle)

Question 13

Oral Osteoma in 6 Dogs

Where were the osteomas located in these 6 dogs?

Answer 13

One was palatal and had a pedunculated appearancel 3 were on the maxilla (1 rostral, 2 caudal); 2 were mandibular (1 rostral, 1 caudal)

Question 14

Oral Osteoma in 6 Dogs

Were any small or toy breed dogs included in this study?

Answer 14

No, only medium to large breed dogs were diagnosed with osteomas in this study

Question 15

Oral Osteoma in 6 Dogs

How many were peripheral versus central?

Answer 15

2 peripheral, 4 central

Question 16

Oral Osteoma in 6 Dogs

What is the difference between an osteoma and an exostosis (hamartoma)?

Answer 16

An exostosis has limited growth and is associated with inflammation or trauma, whereas an osteoma is continuously slow growing

Question 17

Duration of Action of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Used for Palatal Sensory Nerve Block in Infant Pigs

Did the authors hypothesize that bupivacaine duration of action would be longer or shorter in infants compared to adults? Why?

Answer 17

Longer duration due to immature liver development

Question 18

Duration of Action of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Used for Palatal Sensory Nerve Block in Infant Pigs

How long does bupivacaine last in humans?

Answer 18

6-8 hours as a nerve block, or 5-7 hours as local infiltration

Question 19

Duration of Action of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Used for Palatal Sensory Nerve Block in Infant Pigs

Which nerves did they block to achieve anesthesia of the hard palate?

Answer 19

The greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves

Question 20

Duration of Action of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Used for Palatal Sensory Nerve Block in Infant Pigs

What duration of action of bupivacaine did they observe (range of time)?

Answer 20

65-190 minutes (approximately 1-3 hours)

Question 21

Duration of Action of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Used for Palatal Sensory Nerve Block in Infant Pigs

When was the first response to sensory stimulation seen, on average (time in minutes)?

Answer 21

119 minutes

Question 22

Duration of Action of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Used for Palatal Sensory Nerve Block in Infant Pigs

Which nerve fibers are blocked first after bupivacaine injection?

Answer 22

First C fibers are blocked (pain), then alpha-delta fibers (pain/temperature), then A-beta fibers (mechanoreceptors). Sensation returns in the reverse order.

Question 23

Soft Tissue Tooth Impaction in a Dog

What is the definition of tooth eruption?

Answer 23

Eruption is defined as the axial movement of a tooth from its nonfunctional position in the bone to functional occlusion

Question 24

Soft Tissue Tooth Impaction in a Dog

What are the 3 stages of tooth eruption?

Answer 24

1. Pre-eruptive phase (the dental germ moves to keep in position in the developing jaw as it grows)
2. Pre-functional phase (once the crown has formed and root formation begins)
3. Functional phase (begins when the tooth comes into occlusion and ends when the tooth is ankylosed or lost, or the animal dies)

Question 25

Soft Tissue Tooth Impaction in a Dog

When does eruption begin?

Answer 25

Once crown formation is complete

Question 26

Soft Tissue Tooth Impaction in a Dog

What has been shown to be the only factor critical in the interosseous stage of tooth development?

Answer 26

The dental follicle

Question 27

Soft Tissue Tooth Impaction in a Dog

What is an operculum?

Answer 27

A tough fibrous gingival covering over the crown of a tooth that has erupted to nearly full height

Question 28

Soft Tissue Tooth Impaction in a Dog

What is the recommended treated for soft tissue impaction of teeth?

Answer 28

Operculectomy

Question 29

Tooth Resorption in an Australian Sea Lion

Which tooth was affected by resorption?

Answer 29

Right mandibular second premolar (“second mandibular post-canine tooth, premolar 2”)

Question 30

Prosthetic Appliance for Oronasal Communication Obturation in a Dog

What did they use as the obturator?

Answer 30

A silastic nasal septal button

Question 31

Lost Wax Casting Technique for Metal Crown Fabrication

What is the difference between a cast and a die?

Answer 31

A cast involves large areas or the oral tissues, while a die replicates a single tooth

Question 32

Esophagostomy Feeding Tube Placement in the Dog and Cat

Which rib spaces should be used to guide length of feeding tube?

Answer 32

Should measure to the 7th-9th rib space to ensure tube is not in the stomach but instead the distal esophagus.