JVD 2013, Issue 4 (JW) Flashcards
Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease
What percentage of cats are affected by periodontal disease?
Up to 70% of cats between 20-27 months old and up to 85% of cats older than 6 years
Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease
What are the characteristics of the bacterium Porphyromonas gulae? (i.e., gram - or +?, spores?, shape?)
Porphyromonas gulae is a gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore forming, rod shaped bacterium that preferentially grows as black pigmented colonies in an obligate anaerobic environment with an asaccharolytic metabolism.
Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease
Three bacterial species were detected in 70% or more of the samples. Which were they?
Porphyromonas gulae (most abundant) Porphyromonas circumdentaria (moderate abundance) Fusobacterium nucleatum (low abundance)
Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease
True or false - Cat age was positively correlated with calculus scores
True
Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease
True or false - Tooth mobility was correlated with total bacterial counts
True
Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease
True or false - Plaque index was correlated with tooth mobility
False - it was not correlated with ANY other clinical value
Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease
True or false - Cats with more P. gulae showed more mobility and recession and tendency for deeper probing depths
True
Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease
True or false - Cats with more P. gulae showed higher overall bacterial counts and a tendency for higher proportions of P. circumdentaria and higher proportions of Capnocytophaga spp.
False - Cats with more P. gulae showed higher overall bacterial counts and a tendency for LOWER proportions of P. circumdentaria and higher proportions of Capnocytophaga spp.
Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease
True or false - When comparing cats less than versus greater than 10 years old, there was a significant difference detected in terms of clinical or microbiological findings
False - no significant differences
Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease
What percentage of the anaerobic flora cultured was P. gulae?
32.5%
Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review
What is the commonly cited convergence angle that is recommended to achieve acceptable retention/resistance form?
5-14 degrees
Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review
If the inner surface of the metal crown is etched/sandblasted, what is the resultant increase in amount of force required to separate the restoration from the die? (answer is #-fold)
2-3-fold
Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review
The amount of force required to displace a crown [increases OR decreases?] as the convergence angle increases
Decreases
Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review
What is the amount of force, in N, generated when dogs chew?
20-937 N
Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review
What is the range of biting-pulling force generated on canine teeth, in N?
180-1120 N
Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review
What is “taper”?
Taper is the angle between one axial wall of the preparation and the long axis of the preparation
Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review
What is “convergence angle”?
Convergence angle is the angle between two opposing axial walls of a preparation. It equals the sum of the taper of two opposing axial walls.
Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review
A previous study showed that the mean convergence angle of clinically successful crowns was ___#___ degrees.
25.7 degrees
Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review
The amount of force required to dislodge a crown cemented to a die with a convergence angle of 24-degrees and a height of 4mm was increased ___#___ times when a resin-based cement was utilized instead of zinc phosphate
3.5 times
Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review
It has been shown that for a given base diameter and convergence angle, an [increase OR decrease?] in height resulted in increased retention
Increase
Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review
For a given tooth diameter and convergence angle, preparation height is [directly OR indirectly?] proportional to dislodgement resistance.
For a given height and diameter, convergence angle is [directly OR indirectly?] proportional to dislodgement resistance.
DIRECTLY
INDIRECTLY (article uses the word “inversely”)
Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review
For a given diameter, as height decreases, a [smaller OR larger?] convergence angle becomes more critical for resistance/retention form
Smaller
Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review
Preparations with height/diameter ratios greater than ___#___ may be more likely to fracture
1.8
Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review
Retention and resistance form general [increase OR decrease?] with a lower convergence angle
Increase
Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat
What is an example of a Class 1 malocclusion?
Linguoversion of mandibular canine teeth - overall neutroclusion but one or several teeth malpositioned
Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat
What is Class 2 malocclusion?
Mandibular distocclusion (EITHER mandibular brachygnathism or maxillary prognathism)
Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat
What are the three things orthodontic movement requires?
- Healthy teeth
- Destination space
- Clear path
Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat
What are examples of intermittent force technique?
Self-regulated by mouth closure, such as chewing a ball, temporary tooth extensions, or inclined plane
Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat
What techniques were utilized to treat mandibular canine tooth distocclusion (mandibular brachygnathism) in a cat, in this case report?
Tooth extensions, followed by thermoplastic aligners (to treat the permanent teeth)
The deciduous teeth were treated first, with interceptive orthodontics
Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat
What is considered the easiest type of orthodontic movement?
Tipping
Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat
What is the enamel thickness in dogs? In cats?
Dogs = < 0.1 to 0.6 mm Cats = < 0.1 to 0.3 mm
Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat
How much enamel does acid etching remove?
0.01 mm
Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat
What is othodontic tipping?
Tipping is rotation of a tooth around its center of resistance, located at the middle of the embedded root
Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat
How much force is required for translation?
70-120 grams
Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat
How much force is required for tipping?
35-60 grams
Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat
How long are retainers recommended for?
2-6 weeks for simple movements; 4-12 weeks for complex movements — or, about half the time it took to complete the movement
Odontoameloblastoma in a Calf
Where was the tumor located in the calf’s mouth?
Rostral mandibles
Odontoameloblastoma in a Calf
Did the mass have any mitotic figures? If so, how many per high powered field?
No
Odontoameloblastoma in a Calf
What are the stages of tooth development?
Bud -> cap -> bell -> appositional -> maturation
Odontoameloblastoma in a Calf
What is the most common type of odontogenic tumor in cattle?
Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO)
Odontoameloblastoma in a Calf
Should Odontoameloblastoma be treated as a benign or aggressive tumor?
Aggressive - it expands by infiltrating bony trabeculae and has a high rate of recurrence
Odontoameloblastoma in a Calf
Histologically, what is the difference between Odontoameloblastoma and Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma?
The odontogenic epithelium is well differentiated in Odontoameloblastoma (OA) and composed of peripheral palisading ameloblasts with “reverse polarity” surrounding large areas of stellate reticulum-like tissue (enamel). The odontogenic epithelium is less differentiated for Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) and composed of epithelial cords with peripheral palisading but scant to absent stellate reticulum-like tissue. Also, stroma is well differentiated, mature, and dense in OA and AFO stroma is highly cellular and immature.
