JVD 2013, Issue 4 (JW)

Question 1

Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease

What percentage of cats are affected by periodontal disease?

Answer 1

Up to 70% of cats between 20-27 months old and up to 85% of cats older than 6 years

Question 2

Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease

What are the characteristics of the bacterium Porphyromonas gulae? (i.e., gram - or +?, spores?, shape?)

Answer 2

Porphyromonas gulae is a gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore forming, rod shaped bacterium that preferentially grows as black pigmented colonies in an obligate anaerobic environment with an asaccharolytic metabolism.

Question 3

Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease

Three bacterial species were detected in 70% or more of the samples. Which were they?

Answer 3

Porphyromonas gulae (most abundant)
Porphyromonas circumdentaria (moderate abundance)
Fusobacterium nucleatum (low abundance)

Question 4

Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease

True or false - Cat age was positively correlated with calculus scores

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease

True or false - Tooth mobility was correlated with total bacterial counts

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease

True or false - Plaque index was correlated with tooth mobility

Answer 6

False - it was not correlated with ANY other clinical value

Question 7

Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease

True or false - Cats with more P. gulae showed more mobility and recession and tendency for deeper probing depths

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease

True or false - Cats with more P. gulae showed higher overall bacterial counts and a tendency for higher proportions of P. circumdentaria and higher proportions of Capnocytophaga spp.

Answer 8

False - Cats with more P. gulae showed higher overall bacterial counts and a tendency for LOWER proportions of P. circumdentaria and higher proportions of Capnocytophaga spp.

Question 9

Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease

True or false - When comparing cats less than versus greater than 10 years old, there was a significant difference detected in terms of clinical or microbiological findings

Answer 9

False - no significant differences

Question 10

Isolation and Identification of Porphyromonas spp. and Other Putative Pathogens from Cats with Periodontal Disease

What percentage of the anaerobic flora cultured was P. gulae?

Answer 10

32.5%

Question 11

Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review

What is the commonly cited convergence angle that is recommended to achieve acceptable retention/resistance form?

Answer 11

5-14 degrees

Question 12

Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review

If the inner surface of the metal crown is etched/sandblasted, what is the resultant increase in amount of force required to separate the restoration from the die? (answer is #-fold)

Answer 12

2-3-fold

Question 13

Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review

The amount of force required to displace a crown [increases OR decreases?] as the convergence angle increases

Answer 13

Decreases

Question 14

Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review

What is the amount of force, in N, generated when dogs chew?

Answer 14

20-937 N

Question 15

Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review

What is the range of biting-pulling force generated on canine teeth, in N?

Answer 15

180-1120 N

Question 16

Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review

What is “taper”?

Answer 16

Taper is the angle between one axial wall of the preparation and the long axis of the preparation

Question 17

Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review

What is “convergence angle”?

Answer 17

Convergence angle is the angle between two opposing axial walls of a preparation. It equals the sum of the taper of two opposing axial walls.

Question 18

Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review

A previous study showed that the mean convergence angle of clinically successful crowns was ___#___ degrees.

Answer 18

25.7 degrees

Question 19

Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review

The amount of force required to dislodge a crown cemented to a die with a convergence angle of 24-degrees and a height of 4mm was increased ___#___ times when a resin-based cement was utilized instead of zinc phosphate

Answer 19

3.5 times

Question 20

Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review

It has been shown that for a given base diameter and convergence angle, an [increase OR decrease?] in height resulted in increased retention

Answer 20

Increase

Question 21

Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review

For a given tooth diameter and convergence angle, preparation height is [directly OR indirectly?] proportional to dislodgement resistance.

For a given height and diameter, convergence angle is [directly OR indirectly?] proportional to dislodgement resistance.

Answer 21

DIRECTLY

INDIRECTLY (article uses the word “inversely”)

Question 22

Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review

For a given diameter, as height decreases, a [smaller OR larger?] convergence angle becomes more critical for resistance/retention form

Answer 22

Smaller

Question 23

Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review

Preparations with height/diameter ratios greater than ___#___ may be more likely to fracture

Answer 23

1.8

Question 24

Crown Preparation Design: An Evidence-Based Review

Retention and resistance form general [increase OR decrease?] with a lower convergence angle

Answer 24

Increase

Question 25

Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat What is an example of a Class 1 malocclusion?

Answer 25

Linguoversion of mandibular canine teeth - overall neutroclusion but one or several teeth malpositioned

Question 26

Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat What is Class 2 malocclusion?

Answer 26

Mandibular distocclusion (EITHER mandibular brachygnathism or maxillary prognathism)

Question 27

Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat What are the three things orthodontic movement requires?

Answer 27

1. Healthy teeth 2. Destination space 3. Clear path

Question 28

Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat What are examples of intermittent force technique?

Answer 28

Self-regulated by mouth closure, such as chewing a ball, temporary tooth extensions, or inclined plane

Question 29

Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat What techniques were utilized to treat mandibular canine tooth distocclusion (mandibular brachygnathism) in a cat, in this case report?

Answer 29

Tooth extensions, followed by thermoplastic aligners (to treat the permanent teeth) The deciduous teeth were treated first, with interceptive orthodontics

Question 30

Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat What is considered the easiest type of orthodontic movement?

Answer 30

Tipping

Question 31

Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat What is the enamel thickness in dogs? In cats?

Answer 31

``` Dogs = < 0.1 to 0.6 mm Cats = < 0.1 to 0.3 mm ```

Question 32

Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat How much enamel does acid etching remove?

Answer 32

0.01 mm

Question 33

Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat What is othodontic tipping?

Answer 33

Tipping is rotation of a tooth around its center of resistance, located at the middle of the embedded root

Question 34

Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat How much force is required for translation?

Answer 34

70-120 grams

Question 35

Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat How much force is required for tipping?

Answer 35

35-60 grams

Question 36

Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat How long are retainers recommended for?

Answer 36

2-6 weeks for simple movements; 4-12 weeks for complex movements --- or, about half the time it took to complete the movement

Question 37

Odontoameloblastoma in a Calf Where was the tumor located in the calf's mouth?

Answer 37

Rostral mandibles

Question 38

Odontoameloblastoma in a Calf Did the mass have any mitotic figures? If so, how many per high powered field?

Answer 38

No

Question 39

Odontoameloblastoma in a Calf What are the stages of tooth development?

Answer 39

Bud -> cap -> bell -> appositional -> maturation

Question 40

Odontoameloblastoma in a Calf What is the most common type of odontogenic tumor in cattle?

Answer 40

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO)

Question 41

Odontoameloblastoma in a Calf Should Odontoameloblastoma be treated as a benign or aggressive tumor?

Answer 41

Aggressive - it expands by infiltrating bony trabeculae and has a high rate of recurrence

Question 42

Odontoameloblastoma in a Calf Histologically, what is the difference between Odontoameloblastoma and Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma?

Answer 42

The odontogenic epithelium is well differentiated in Odontoameloblastoma (OA) and composed of peripheral palisading ameloblasts with "reverse polarity" surrounding large areas of stellate reticulum-like tissue (enamel). The odontogenic epithelium is less differentiated for Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) and composed of epithelial cords with peripheral palisading but scant to absent stellate reticulum-like tissue. Also, stroma is well differentiated, mature, and dense in OA and AFO stroma is highly cellular and immature.