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GCSE RE > Judaism Practices > Flashcards

Judaism Practices Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a synagogue

A

Provides a space for Jews to keet and take part in a wide range of activities. Importance of the synagogue: worship and prayer, education, social activites, charitable events.

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2
Q

What is a minyan

A

A group of at least 10 adults where certain prayers can only be said in the presence of

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3
Q

What is the menorah

A

a many-branched candle stick holding either 7 or 9 candles

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4
Q

Star of David

A

A symbol of Judaism said to represent the shield of King David who was the king of Israel

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5
Q

What is the Chanukah

A

Otherwise known as hanukah is the Jewish festival of light

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6
Q

What is the ark (Aron Hakodesh) description

A

An ornamental cabinet or container where the Torah scrolls are kept. Situated at the front of the synogogue usually set into the wall facing Jerusalem. Usually by climbing up some steps amd has two stone tablets above the ark on whinc the start of each Ten Commandments are written

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7
Q

What is the ark (Aron Hakodesh) significance

A

Holiest place in the synagogue representing the original ark covenant. The first ark built to hold the stone tablets. The first ark was taken to Jerusalem placed in the temple which was the vocal point of Jewish worship. By clombing steps Jew are reminded that God is above his peole amd the sacred Torah os above humanity

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8
Q

Ner tamid (ever-burning light)

A

It is placed in the front slightly above the Ark to symbolisGod’s presence so it is never put out. A reminder of the menorah which was lit every night in the Temple in Jerusale.

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9
Q

Bimah (reading platform)

A

Raised platfrom situated in the centre of the prayer hall and is where the Torah is read. It is a reminder tha tthe altar was the central feature of the courtyard in the temple in Jerusalem

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10
Q

Orthadox Jews

A

Strictly following the laws in the Torah and be,ieve it was given directly to Moses by God. They believe men and women should have dofferent roles with rabbis only being male

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11
Q

Reformed Jews

A

Believe the Torah was written by humans but inspired by God. Men and women should tske the same roles

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12
Q

Difference if public surface with orthadox and reformed Jews

A
  • Orthadox: Synagogues usually hold daily service/ Reformed: synagogues of ten do not hold daily but focus instead on celebrating Shabbat and festivals
  • The service is in Hebrew/ service is inHebrew and the own language
  • person leading service turns their back so it facing Ark/ person faces congragation most of time
  • men and women sit seperate/together
  • some congregation may arrive late and catch up at their own pace/services are shorter but tend to be more rigidly structured.
  • men always cover heads in skull cap and married women wear a hat or scalf showing respect for God/most men wear skull cap and some women do as well
  • sining in servce is unaccompanied/ sining is accompanoed by muscisl intruments
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13
Q

Cantor (Chazzan)

A

Person who lead prayer/chant in service

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14
Q

Tallit

A

A prayer shull reminding Jews to obey every word of God when wearing it

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15
Q

Tefillin

A

A small leather boxes containing little extracts from the Torah strapped to the wearers arms and forhead for morning prayers. Reminding Jews that during prayer their total concentration should be on God an dthe prayers should be from the heart

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16
Q

Amidah

A

Standing prayer facing Jerusalem is the central prayer of Jewish worship in silence. It forms the core of all prayer services on weekdays

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17
Q

Format of Jewish prayer service

A
  • opening prayer said
  • shema is recited and accompanied by blessings
  • amidah is said
  • sometime followed by reading of torah
  • final prayers said including the Alein prayer giving praise and thanks to God
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18
Q

What does the Amidah consitst of

A
  • first three blessings praise God and ask him for mercy
  • midle thirteen blessings ask for God’s help
  • final three blessings thank God for the opportunity to serve him and pray for peace, goodness, kindness and compasion
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19
Q

Prayer is important to Jews because…

A
  • way to communicate to God
  • communal prayer strengths community
  • helps Jews remember faith is all about
  • brings Jews closer to God
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20
Q

What is the Shabbat

A

It is the Jewish holdy day of the week where they reset and renewal starting on Friday before sunset and countinuing to sunset on Saturday. “Remeber the sabbath day and keep it holy”

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21
Q

Shabbat services

A

Service that are held include brief service of Friday and main on saturday morning (longest) whihc sometimes has extra serove especially for families with children)

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22
Q

Shabbat service before the reading

A
  • congregation stands when the Ark opens to reveal the Torah scrolls as a reminder of how Jews stood at the bootm of Mount Sinai when Moses returned with the Commandments.
  • Torah is taken from the Ark and dressed with cover and various ornamnets as a reminder of the vestments worn by priests in early Judaism
  • Torah held in fornt of congregation while verses are chanted from scripture and then paraded around represnting the march Jews did carring the ark from Sanai to Jerusalem
  • Torah pases through the synagogue and touched with prayer book or tassels on prayer shawl then lips by many to recalls God’s words should be on their lips and sweet like honey as said in Ezekiel 3
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23
Q

Shabbat at home preperatins

A

All work done and home is prepared before Shabbat begins. At least two candles are placed on table (representing commandments to ‘observe’ and ‘remember’ with two loaves of Challah bread (food God provided to Jews whilst they wandered) and wine or grap juice (symbolising joy and celebration) with wine drunk from special Kiddush cup.

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24
Q

Shabbat celebrations welcomed throuh by lighting of candles:

A
  • female member of family lights two candles shortly before sunset
  • she waves or beckons with arms around candles then covers eyes to say blessing
  • she also says a prayer asking God to bless family
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25
Q

Family shares a special meal after Friday evening service

A
  • before meal parents bless their children an head of household recites the Kiddush blessing while holding the Kiddush cup.
  • the meal lasts for a few hours, giving the family time to relax and enjoy company. After each course religous stories might be told or songs sung.
  • meal ends with a prayer of thanksgiving for food.
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26
Q

After Saturday morning service family shares another special meal…

A

During the afternoon parents may spend time with their children and study Torah the end of Shabbat is makred by the havdalah service after sun has set. Belssings aee performed over cup of wine, sweet smelling spices and candle with several wicks

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27
Q

Worship at home/private prayer

A

Jews are expected to pray three times a day usually in silence. They are also reminded of God in other ways such as having one or more MEZUZOT. Jewish orthadoxs kitchen also reminds Jews of God and they to obey dietary laws.

28
Q

What is a mezuzot

A

A small box that contains handwritten scrolls of verses from the Torah, which is attached to a doorpost. Jews touch it as a sign of respect to Gor and a reminder to obey his laws.

29
Q

Tenakh

A

Jewish sacred scriptures containing the Torah, Nevi’im and the Ketuvim. It is collection of 24 books

30
Q

What is the Torah

A

First five books of Moses, which form the basis of Jewish law

31
Q

What is the Nevi’im (prophets)

A

Eiht books that continue to trace Jewish history and expand on laws in Torah

32
Q

What is the Ketuvim (writings)

A

Eleven books that contain a collection of poetry, stories, advice and historical accoutns

33
Q

What is the Talmud (oral law)

A

A commentary by early rabbis on the Torah containing a collection of discussion and teaching about how the Torah should be interpreted and its laws applied in everyday life

34
Q

What is the Mishnah in the Talmud

A

A commentary on the Torah by Rabbi Judah who wrote the oral law: the early teachings about how to interpret the Torah. There was a danger of teaching interpreted wrong so Judah complied the Mishnah to stop this.

35
Q

What is the Gemara in the Talmud

A

A collection of discussion on the Mishnah in 500CE

36
Q

Naming ceremony

A

Formally introduces the baby to God and the community.
In orthadox families baby is blessed in the synagouge on the first Shabbat after their birth. The father recites the Torah blessing and asks God for good health for his family. Baby girl’s name announced at the point but boy named at circemcition.

In reformed synagouges both parents take part and may not be held on the first shabbat day

37
Q

Brit Milah

A

Recalls covenant God made with Abraham and provides lifelong reminder that they are God’s chosen people.

38
Q

What happens in Brit Milah

A

Happens when baby is eight days old. Close friend or relative places baby on chaor symbolisng presence of prophet Elijah. Baby place on knee of person as the ‘companion of the child’. Baby’s father blesses son over wine and the child is formally named.

39
Q

What happens in redemption of the first born son

A

Some orthadox Jews give a small amount of moeny 31 days after the birth of firstborn son to redeem him from the Temple service. Five silver coins are given to a kohen: descendendt of the priest who used to work in the Temple. Prayers are said asking child may ‘enter into Torah, marrage and good deeds’

40
Q

Quote for redemption of first born son

A

Numbers 18: “but you shall have the first born of man redeemed … take as their redemption price … of five shekels”

41
Q

Significance of Bar/t mitzvah

A
  • jew becomes adult
  • preparing it brings jews closer to god and the jewish community
  • when jewish boy becomes part of minyan
  • when a jew is expected to start strictky following jewish law
42
Q

Bar Mitzvah (boy)

A
  • After thirteenth birthday boy reads Torah at the normal service in the synagogue. Many hold clases to prepare boys
  • boy wears tallit for first time - may lead part of service and makes short speech
  • boy’s father thanks God for his sons maturity
  • party after
43
Q

Bat Mitzvah

A
  • reform jewish girls often have a Bat Mitzvah ceremony and celebrations that are very similar to a Bar Mitzvah
  • orthadox jews sometimes mark it with family meal a small religious gifts
  • girls celebrate it at age 12 as they are considered more resposible
44
Q

Betrothal

A
  • refers to period of time before wedding ceremony. Traditinally lasts 12 months
  • Betrothal has legal status in Jewish lawcand can only be broken by death or divorce
  • during the year of betrothal the couple do not live together, but the prepare for their future
  • traditionally special ceremony was held a year before the wedding, but this ceremony is now held at the wedding but now its held at the wedding
45
Q

When cant’s a wedding take place

A

Shabbat or a festival

46
Q

Before wedding

A

Couple may fast before wedding to cleanse themselve of sin

47
Q

Betrothal ceremony

A
  • bride joims groom undernearh chuppah, which is a canopy symbolising couple’s home
  • the bride and groom recite two blessings over wine, and Orthadox weddings groom places a plain ring on brides finger
48
Q

Marriage contract

A
  • contract signed in presence of witnesses, then read out and given to the bride
  • for orthadox this covers aspects like duties, conditions of inheritence or divorcd
  • for reformed jews marriage contract ussusly focusex on spiritual aspiration (mutual hopes)
49
Q

Marriage itself

A
  • seven wedding blessings are recited
  • rabbi makes ashort speech and blesses the couple in front of tgd congregation
  • groom breaks glass under heel show regret for destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem.
  • congregation wishes good luck
50
Q

Wedding reception

A
  • after ceremony couple spends shorts time in private room💦

- after music and dancing

51
Q

Marriage quote: genesis 2

A

“Man leaves father and mother and clings to his wife, so that they become one flesh

52
Q

Periods of mourning:

A
  • when death is announced
  • first period of mourning (Jews buried soon as possible. Until then Jew comfort deceased’s soul as they think its soul hasn’t left until buried. close family can grief without having to follow certain Jewish laws)
  • second period of mourning (shiva)
  • third period of mourning (lasts 30 days after person’s death after shiva. Can’t listen to music, party or cut hair. Mail mouners say kaddish daily in synagogue)
  • final period of mourning (lasts eleven months. No parties and children say kaddish for parent whos died).
  • after the first year (formal mourning ends but children continue to mark anniversary of parent’s death by lighting candle that burns for 24h. Son recites kaddish and makes Torah blessings)
53
Q

What happens when death is announced

A
  • makes small tear in their clothes following example of Jacob in Genesis 37
  • Jews say blessing refers to God as the true judge showing they accept Gods decision
54
Q

second period of mourning (shiva)

A
  • intense period of mourning lasting seven days starting on day of burial
  • mourners don’t work, hold prayer service three times a day
  • one if prayers said is kaddish, praysing God and asks for peace
  • no make-up, shave or cut hair and mirrors covered
55
Q

Funeral

A
  • before, body is washed and wrapped in plain linen cloth as well as a tallit for men. Placed in simplecoffin showing everyones equal
  • service inculdes prayers, osakms, readings from scripture, short speech by rabbi.
  • after funeral people leave death behind by washing hands
56
Q

Orthadox Jewish dietary laws originating from Torah

A

Follow the dietary rules strictly as they believe the laws of come from a good test for obedience and helps develop self-control

57
Q

Reformed Jewish dietary laws originating from Torah

A

Think laws are updated in modern British society and its up to the individual

58
Q

Kosher and trefah meaning

A

Acceptable food and unacceptable

59
Q

Kosher animals must be killed a certain way:

A
  • animals must be slotted very sharp knife by trained Jew
  • animal has to be conscious when killed
  • Blood is drained from the enemy excuse of a committed to consume food containing blood (“make sure that you do not partake of the blood”)
60
Q

Quotes for Jews keeping milk and meat seperate

A

“You shall not boil a kid in its mothers milk” exodus

61
Q

Rosh Hashanah

A

A festival marks the start of the Jewish year. Many Jewish believe God judges their actions over the past year abd decides their fortune for the coming year. Some Jews believe that God’s judgement can be influenced so they try to take actions to improve God’s judgement.

62
Q

Yom Kippur

A

The whole list of most important day of the year when the gods judgement for Rosh Hashanah is finalised. “Atonement should be made for you to cleanse you of all your sins”.
During this Jews fast for 25 hours and don’t work. Wear white showing puirty

63
Q

Pesach (passover)

A

Festival last seven or eight days celebrating the Jews escaping from slavery in Egypt. One of the most important parts of the festival is the Passover Seder, Which is a building special foods families chair on the first evening of Pesach. they remove leaven (yeast) from home

64
Q

Passover Seder

A

-Pesach families cekebrate with a special meal with the youngest member of the family asking four questions about meaning of ritual. In response escape of Egypt story is told.

65
Q

Passover Seder meal

A
  • Red wine (lambs blood). Four glasses of wine blessed represnting four freedoms God promised (exodus)
  • unleavened bread fulfilling Gods command to celebrate escape with unleavened bread for seven days (Exodus). Some bread is hidden for kids
  • Sender plate has a green vege (promised land)to dip in salt water(tears of slavery), two bitter herbs(bitterness of slavery), charoset (life is sweeter now), egg and lamb bone (sacrifice made in Temple of Jerusalem
66
Q

What is a tzitzit

A

Its tassels on a taillit representing 613 Jewish laws

67
Q

Whats Aninut

A

“Deep sorrow” before the funeral

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