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Religious Education > Judaism Beliefs > Flashcards

Judaism Beliefs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the orthodox jews beliefs about the messiah?

A
  • Maimonides (12th C Rabbi) said = messiah is central to Judaism
  • The messiah will be a great political leader who will bring the world to an end = BRING IN THE RESURRECTION
  • Orthodox Jews believe he will be descended from King David
  • Some Orthodox Jews believe that God has a date for the coming of the messiah.
  • Other Orthodox Jews believe the messiah will come when he is most needed = PRAY for the Messiah.
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2
Q

What are the reform jews beliefs about the messiah?

A
  • Many Jews pray for a MESSIANIC AGE = In TENAKH 3 actions:
    peace on earth,
    Jews back in Israel
    restore the temple in Jerusalem
  • Reform Jews believe our actions now will bring peace – not a messiah. MUST LEAD A GOOD LIFE NOW..
  • Isaiah says that the Messianic age is a time when the wolf shall live with the lamb (age of peace).
  • Reform Jews removed all ref to Messiah from prayer.
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3
Q

What is the issue with the messiah?

A
  • False messiahs
  • Why didn’t he come during the Holocaust?
  • Jesus is a descendant of King David – did they miss the Messiah?
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4
Q

Describe the nature of shekhinah

A
  • God believed to be everywhere.
  • Shekinah comes from ‘shakan’ = God dwelling on earth (Torah).
  • Some Jews believe shekinah lives in the temple.
  • Shekinah still in Israel – special spiritual quality
  • Some Jews believe shekinah to be the feminine characteristics of God.
  • Shekinah is referred to when the Shabbat candles are lit.
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5
Q

What is a covenant?

A

A promise between two parties. i.e. between God and the Jews

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6
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the Abrahamic Covenant?

A
  • God called Abraham to a new land = Israel = the Promised Land. Promised LAND
  • BLESSINGS
  • DESCENDANTS
  • (LBD).
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7
Q

What does it say in genesis about descendants in the Abrahamic Covenant?

A

God promised Abraham he would make him fruitful Genesis 17:6-8

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8
Q

What does it say in genesis about blessings in the Abrahamic Covenant?

A

God promised to bless Abraham and his family - as sign of the covenant God gave Abraham the rite of circumcision. Genesis 17:11-14

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9
Q

What does it say in genesis about circumcision in the Abrahamic Covenant?

A

All Jewish male children are circumcised to reflect their special relationship with God. Genesis 17

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10
Q

What is the torah?

A

The first 5 books of Moses. e.g. genesis, exodus, Leviticus, numbers and Deuteronomy

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11
Q

What is the nevim?

A

Prophets

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12
Q

What is the ketuvim?

A

Writings e.g. psalms

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13
Q

What is the talmud?

A

Mishnah and Gemara

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14
Q

What is the Mishnah?

A

ORAL TORAH (from Moses) + teachings and guidance

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15
Q

What is the Gemara?

A

commentary by Rabbis on the Mishnah

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16
Q

What is Maimonides?

A

12th Century Rabbi (estd 13 key principles of Judaism)

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17
Q

What are the 13 principles of faith?

A
  • God exists as CREATOR
  • God is unity (one) = SHEMA
  • God has no physical body
  • God is eternal
  • Only God should be worshipped
  • God communicated through prophets
  • Moses is the most important prophet
  • The Torah was given by God to Moses
  • The Torah is God’s law and cannot be changed IE.
  • ORTHODOX
  • God is all-knowing
  • God will reward good and punish evil
  • The messiah will come = NOT REFORM
  • The dead will be resurrected = NOT REFORM
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18
Q

What type of faith is Judaism?

A
  • Monotheist belief in omniscient, omnipotent and omnipresent
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19
Q

What do jews believe in God as a creator?

A
  • God is Creator, humans have a responsibility to care for the world.
  • God as creator is celebrated at Rosh Hashanah and Shabbat.
  • Pikuach nefesh = saving life is important – God created it.
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20
Q

What are the sourced of jews believing in God as a creator?

A
  • God created the world and on the sixth day he created man to care for the world. Gen 1:3-5 – ‘In the -beginning God created the heaven and the earth.’
  • Gen 1 26-28 - ‘let us make mankind in our image..’
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21
Q

What do jews believe in God as one?

A
  • There is one God – Judaism is monotheistic

- No statues in synagogues. The Shema is in the mezuzah and tefillin.

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22
Q

What are the sources of jews believing in God as one?

A
  • ‘Thou shalt have no other Gods.’ Exodus 20

- ‘Hear o Israel, the Lord our God is one..’ The Shema prayer (core prayer) = ONE GOD ONLY

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23
Q

What do jews believe in God as a law giver?

A
  • God gave Moses the laws that Jews should keep
  • God judges Jews on how they follow the duties.
  • At Rosh Hashanah God begins a judgement of good deed and bad deeds
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24
Q

What are the sources of jews believing in God as a law giver?

A

The Ten Commandments show God as law-giver and judge – Exodus 20:1-15

25
Q

How many passages are in the Shema?

A

Three passages from the Torah

26
Q

How many times is the Shema recited?

A

Twice a day

27
Q

What does the Shema talk about?

A

Talks about the oneness of God

28
Q

What is Shekhinah?

A
  • God believed to be everywhere.

- Shekinah comes from ‘shakan’ = God dwelling on earth (Torah).

29
Q

Where do some jews believe shekhinah felt?

A
  • Some Jews believe shekinah lives in the temple.
  • Shekinah still in Israel – special spiritual quality
  • Some Jews believe shekinah to be the feminine characteristics of God.
  • Shekinah is referred to when the Shabbat candles are lit.
30
Q

Why is Moses considered one of the most important prophet?

A
  • Moses was chosen by God to lead the Israelites out of slavery to the Promised Land. Exodus 3.
  • Moses is believed to be the only person to have seen God face to face
  • Moses was given the Torah by God on Mount Sinai = TORAH = 613 MITZVOTS inc the TEN COMMANDMENTS
31
Q

What does Maimonides say about Moses?

A
  • Moses is the most important prophet
  • The Torah was given by God to Moses
  • The Torah is God’s law and cannot be changed IE. ORTHODOX
32
Q

What do Orthodox believe about Moses?

A

Orthodox Jews believe he was also given the Oral Torah – the commentary which discusses the written Torah.

33
Q

What was Moses promised?

A

Moses’ covenant with God is that God’s chosen people would keep the Commandments and they would keep the Promised Land

34
Q

What are the four most important Comandments?

A
  • I am God Your Lord who has brought you from slavery
  • 1st Commandment = Do not have any other gods
  • 6th Commandment = Do not commit murder
  • 4th Commandment = Remember the Sabbath
35
Q

What is the significance of the 1st Commandment = Do not have any other gods?

A
  • Importance of the Shema Prayer – no statues in synagogues.
  • MONOTHEISTIC
  • They cannot break the commandment of no false gods even to save a life.
36
Q

What is the significance of the 6th Commandment = Do not commit murder?

A
  • Importance of pikuach nefesh = saving a life.

- They can break 610 of the 613 mitzvots to keep the commandment not to kill

37
Q

What is the significance of the 4th Commandment = Remember the Sabbath?

A
  • Prepare for and celebrate Shabbat. Importance:
    Keeping Shabbat obeys mitzvah ‘to remember’ and ‘to keep holy’
  • Celebrates God’s creation
  • Family time – togetherness
  • They cannot tear, cook, carry, sew
38
Q

What is pikuach nefesh?

A
  • the saving of a life
  • Jews must do what they can to save a life, they must live life to the full
  • They can set aside mitzvots to save a life.
39
Q

Why do Jews celebrate pikuach nefesh?

A
  • Life is sacred
  • So to save a life
  • takes priority over all but three of the mitzvot
40
Q

What are the three mitvots you cannot at all?

A
  • The three mitzvoth you cannot break even to save a life are – adultery, incest, idolatry (worship false gods)
41
Q

What is the source for why jews celebrate pikuach nefesh?

A
  • God created life in his image – Genesis 1

- Psalm 139. ’you knit me together in my mother’s womb.’

42
Q

What is the source for jews rejecting abortion?

A

Jeremiah 1 ‘I formed you in the womb’

43
Q

What do jews do due to pikuach nefesh?

A
  • Jews can carry donor cards as it is okay to remove an organ if it will save a life (otherwise removing an organ is forbidden)
  • Talmud B Yoma – Jews (doctors/emergency services) can work on the Sabbath if it means they can save a life.
44
Q

What is mitzvah day?

A

Mitzvah Day focus on saving lives by reducing poverty, caring for environment and caring for others. Over 37,000 Jews participate.

45
Q

What is the jewish views towards free will?

A
  • Man was made in the image of God, but was given choice (evidence Adam and Eve).
  • Man is not a puppet.. Man has 2 inclinations..
  • We are born in balance
  • God commands (Mitzvots) - Against free will
  • God gives choice - Gives freedom
  • It is only when we are given the freedom to choose good that God can hold people to account on Judgement Day
46
Q

What are the two inclinations?

A
  • yetzer ha ra

- yetzer ha tov

47
Q

What is yetzer ha ra?

A

Urge to do bad

48
Q

What is yetzer ha tov?

A

Urge to do good

49
Q

What do reform jews think about mitzvots and free will?

A
  • Some Jews see the Mitzvot as a guideline

- Reform Jews say that many Mitzvot are not relevant in the 21st Century – they will observe the ones they can

50
Q

What do orthodox jews think about mitzvots and free will?

A

Orthodox Jews see the Mitzvot as a path to follow or be punished.

51
Q

What do all jews believe in when it comes to free will and mitzvots?

A
  • All Jews believe they have free will
  • Psalm 33 – ‘from his dwelling places he watches all who live on earth.’ God has given free will but he watches those who do good/evil.
52
Q

What do jews believe about the after-life?

A
  • focus on living life to the full – AFTER LIFE NOT IMPORTANT
  • The after life is called the Olam Ha Ba
  • It is important to live in preparation for the world to come.
  • Jews prepare and lead a good life by observing Mitzvots.
53
Q

What is Olam Ha Ba?

A
  • the world to vome

- Olam Ha Ba is both a person’s after life and the Messianic Age.

54
Q

When do orthodox jews believe the resurrection will happen?

A
  • Nahmanides – 12th Century Rabbi Olam Ha Ba after the resurrection
  • some Rabbis believe it will happen during the Messianic Age
  • Others argue it will happen after the Messianic Age
  • Maimonides – Olam Ha Ba is a time beyond the resurrection – a second death at which the soul is in the presence of God.
55
Q

Who do orthodox jews believe will resurrect?

A
  • Only the righteous will be resurrected
  • Others argue everyone will be resurrected and then a Day of Judgement will follow
  • Some argue no Day of Judgement after death as judgement happens every year on the festival of Rosh Hashanah
56
Q

How do jews believe we will resurrect?

A
  • Orthodox believe the soul will be resting under the wings of God – Shekinah
  • Orthodox believe in the soul and the body resurrecting – no cremation/organ transplants
  • Orthodox Jews believe the body must be buried
57
Q

What do Reform jews believe about ressurection?

A
  • Memories of the dead live on through good deeds

- Other Reform Jews believe the soul lives on.

58
Q

What do jews believe about reincarnation?

A
  • Some Jews believe the soul will take on a different body to live again.
  • Some Jews believe if the mitzvoth have not been completed they may get a second chance

Religious Education (6 decks)

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