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RE GCSE > Judaism > Flashcards

Judaism Flashcards

1
Q

Abayudaya

A

a small community of Jews living in Eastern Uganda

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2
Q

Abraham

A

the father of the Jewish people, God made a covenant with him, promising him land and descendants, which was sealed by circumcision

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3
Q

Aiba Kanfot

A

a small version of the tallit that Jews used during persecution as it was easier to hide

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4
Q

Aleinu

A

closing prayer in the synagogue

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5
Q

Amidah

A

the standing prayer, recited at the three daily services at the Synagogue and consists of three opening blessings, three closing blessings and three intermediate blessings

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6
Q

Aramaic

A

language that the Ketubah is written in, similar to Hebrew

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7
Q

Aron Hakodesh

A

the Ark, the holiest part of the Synagogue as it contains the Torah scroll

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8
Q

Ashkenazim

A

Jews from Middle East or North African descent

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9
Q

Attah

A

Hebrew for you

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10
Q

Bar Mitzvah

A

celebrations of a boy coming of age at age 13, literally means Son of Commandment

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11
Q

Baruch

A

Hebrew for blessings

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12
Q

Bat Mitzvah

A

celebrations of a girl coming of age at age 12, literally means Daughter of Commandment

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13
Q

Beit Knesset

A

House of Assembly (name for the Synagogue)

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14
Q

Beit Tefilah

A

House of Prayer (name for the Synagogue)

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15
Q

Bentsch

A

to recite the Birkat Hamazon

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16
Q

Bentscher

A

a booklet containing prayers and blessings

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17
Q

Birkat Hamazon

A

various prayers said after activities such as eating

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18
Q

Bimah

A

the reading platform in the synagogue from which the Torah is read from

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19
Q

Brit Bat

A

naming ceremony for girls in Reform Judaism, happens at 30 days old

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20
Q

Brit Milah

A

the religious ceremony of circumcision that happens when a boy is eight days old, where the boy becomes a member of the Jewish people of God

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21
Q

Challah

A

special bread for Shabbat

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22
Q

Charity

A

refers to the requirement for Jews to give at least ten percent of the excess income to charity, as Jews believe it is injust not to give to those in need

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23
Q

Chazzan

A

the cantor, person who sings in the synagogue

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24
Q

Cheres

A

Hebrew for clay

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25
Q

Chesed

A

belief in the importance of kindness

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26
Q

Chassidic

A

a branch of Orthodox Judaism

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27
Q

Chosen

A

breast plate for the Torah

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28
Q

Chukim

A

Mitzvot that don’t have an obvious reason

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29
Q

Chumash

A

book form of the Torah as opposed to a scroll

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30
Q

Chuppah

A

a canopy held up by four poles which two people get married underneath

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31
Q

Cultural Judaism

A

a sect of Judaism who see Judaism as part of their history, but do not follow the Mitzvot

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32
Q

Deborah

A

the judge who ruled Israel

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33
Q

Decalogue

A

name for the Ten Commandments

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34
Q

Diaspora

A

when the Jews spread out across the world following the Holocaust

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35
Q

Dietary Laws

A

the food laws that were given by God to the Jews which relate to what may and may not be eaten and in what combination and to the preparation of food

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36
Q

Domus Conversorum

A

an institution in London which used to forcibly convert Jews to Christianity, founded in 1232

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37
Q

Dreidel

A

a spinning top with Hebrew letters on it, played with by Jewish children during Hannukkah

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38
Q

Elijah

A

guardian angel of children, said to be present at all Brit Milahs

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39
Q

Epistemic Distance

A

the distance that God keeps from humans, allowing them to make their own mistakes

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40
Q

Esther

A

a biblical queen who saved her people from persecution

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41
Q

Ethical Commandments

A

commandments about how to treat others

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42
Q

Etz Hayim

A

the tree of life in the Garden of Eden

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43
Q

Elohim

A

Hebrew for Supreme One, another name for God

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44
Q

Gan Eden

A

literally Garden of Eden, mentioned in the Talmud and refers to a heavenly realm where righteous souls rest

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45
Q

Gehinnon

A

the average person descends to a place of punishment and/or purification, generally referred to as Gehinnon, named from a valley south of Jerusalem. After a twelve-month period, a soul takes its place in Gan Eden. Some say after this the wicked a destroyed and cease to exist, others say they are tortured forever

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46
Q

Gemara

A

the second part of the Talmud after the Torah

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47
Q

God as One

A

the belief that there is one God

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48
Q

Greggar

A

a rattle or noisemaker traditionally used by children during Purim

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49
Q

Hag Ha-Aviv

A

another word for Pesach

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50
Q

Halachic Law

A

mitzvot that dictate the day-to-day life of Jews

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51
Q

Hashem

A

Hebrew for the name, name for God

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52
Q

Hawdalah

A

division, praise God for separating Jews and Non-Jews

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53
Q

Hevra Kadisha

A

an organisation of Jewish people who prepare a dead Jew for burial and protect their body until the funeral

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54
Q

Holocaust

A

mass genocide of six million Jews by the Nazis

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55
Q

Judgement

A

the belief of many Jews in a Day of Judgement when God will judge the living and the dead, rewarding all good people, both Jews and non-Jews

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56
Q

Kashrut

A

Jewish dietary laws

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57
Q

Ketubah

A

Jewish wedding certificates

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58
Q

Ketuvin

A

writings, third part of the Talmud after the Nevi’im

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59
Q

Kiddushin

A

betrothal or engagement, usually lasts about twelve months and holds the same legal status as a normal engagement

60
Q

Kippar

A

skull cap

61
Q

Kiddush

A

a ceremony of prayer and blessing over wine, performed by the head of a Jewish household, at the beginning of Shabbat or a ceremony

62
Q

Kohen

A

a descendant of the original priests

63
Q

Korech

A

a special sandwich, also known as a Hillel Sandwich, eaten at Pesach, which consists of bitter herbs and Matzah

64
Q

Kosher

A

food that is clean and fits the requirements of Jewish laws

65
Q

Law-Giver

A

refers to God’s giving of the Law to Moses on Mount Sinai

66
Q

Liberal Judaism

A

a form of progressive Judaism which seems to combine traditional beliefs and practices with modern interpretations

67
Q

Masorti Jews

A

Jews who respect academic teachings as a way to learn about the world better and believe they should find out everything about God’s world

68
Q

Matzah

A

symbolic bread in Judaism, as it was all the Isrealites had to eat when they fled Egypt as there wasn’t time for the bead to rise

69
Q

Mazel Tov

A

Hebrew for good luck

70
Q

Meal of Eggs

A

meal eaten following a burial in Judaism

71
Q

Megillot

A

five books that relate to Jewish Holy Days, eg Esther

72
Q

Messiah

A

literally ‘the anointed one’, Orthodox Jews believe that a Messiah will be a human person sent by God to establish justice and peace on the earth. For Reform Jews, the Messiah is a symbolic figure

73
Q

Messianic Age

A

a time of world peace, established by the Messiah

74
Q

Messianic Jew

A

a Jew who believes that Jesus is the Messiah

75
Q

Mezuzah

A

small box containing the Shema, stuck on the front door to Jewish homes

76
Q

Mezuzot

A

the piece of paper inside the Mezuzah with the Shema written on it

77
Q

Midrashic

A

early interpretations of Jewish beliefs

78
Q

Mikvah

A

Jewish holy bath

79
Q

Miriam

A

Moses’s sister, played a significant part in saving Moses from being killed as a baby, and then became a prophetess when Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt

80
Q

Mishna

A

first major written collection of Jewish scriptures

81
Q

Mishnah

A

first part of the Talmud after the Torah

82
Q

Mishpatim

A

mitzvot with an obvious reason

83
Q

Mitzvah

A

the 613 commandments/rules

84
Q

Mitzvot

A

singular of Mitzvah

85
Q

Mohel

A

man who performs a circumcision

86
Q

Mohelet

A

woman who performs a circumcision, not allowed in Orthodox Judaism

87
Q

Moses

A

the person through whom God set free the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, to whom God gave the Ten Commandments and through whom God made a covenant with Israel

88
Q

Mourning Rituals

A

refers to set practices that are carried out by Jews as a way of grieving for loved ones who have died

89
Q

Ner Tamid

A

the ever-burning light that is above and in front of the Aron Hakodesh and burns continually as a symbol of God’s presence

90
Q

Nevi’im

A

writings of the prophets, part of the Talmud

91
Q

Olam-Ha-Ba

A

literally means the World to Come and is a later development of Jewish belief mentioned in the Talmud and suggests that if a righteous person suffers in this life time, they will be rewarded in life to come

92
Q

Olive Oil

A

oil that kings will be anointed with, that the Messiah will one day be anointed with

93
Q

Orthodox Judaism

A

Jews who believe God gave the complete Torah to Moses and therefore live according to Jewish laws and traditions

94
Q

Pareve

A

foods that you can eat constantly according to Jewish law that contain neither meat nor dairy

95
Q

Pentateuch

A

another name for the Torah

96
Q

Pesach

A

Passover, celebrates the Exodus from Egypt, celebrated in Spring

97
Q

Pikuach Nefesh

A

the mitzvah of saving a life, which overrides all other religious laws, except incest, murder and idolatry

98
Q

Pomegranate

A

eaten on Rosh Hashanah to represent the Commandments

99
Q

Pushke Box

A

a box kept in a Jewish household where spare change is put to be given to charity

100
Q

Redemption of hte Firstborn

A

where the firstborn child is offered to the Temple

101
Q

Reform Judaism

A

Jews who believe the Torah was inspired by God and was developed through their history, therefore laws may be changed or adapted as modern life changes

102
Q

Resurrection

A

the belief of many Jews in a future age where the dead will rise from their graves to live again

103
Q

Rimonim

A

used to unroll the Torah scrolls

104
Q

Ritual Commandments

A

commandments about how to worship God

105
Q

Rosh Hashanah

A

the Jewish New Year, the start of the ten day period of High Holy Days that culminates in Yom Kippur and marks the beginning of God’s judgement of his people

106
Q

Sandek

A

Jewish equivalent of a godparent, usually the grandfather

107
Q

Seder Plate

A

plate containing symbolic food that is eaten during Pesach

108
Q

Beitzah

A

a hard-boiled egg that represents the circle of life

109
Q

Haroset

A

on the Sedar Plate a sweet paste to represent the mortar between the bricks that the Jews were forced to lay, from the Hebrew word cheres, clay

110
Q

Hazeret

A

the second bitter herb on the seder plate, often romaine lettuce, not always included

111
Q

Karpas

A

a green vegetable, often parsley, that is placed on the sedar plate to represent the initial flourishing of the Jews in Egypt. In Ashkenazi culture, this dipped in salt water to represent the tears of the slaves, in Sephardi culture it is dipped in vinegar to represent hope

112
Q

Maror

A

a bitter herb, often horseradish, used to symbolise the bitterness of slavery

113
Q

Zeroa

A

a shank bone on the Sedar plate that represents the lamb that the Jews sacrificed as the special Passover offering when the temple stood in Jerusalem, sometimes substituted with roast beat, to symbolise the colour of blood

114
Q

Sefer Torah

A

a small handwritten copy of the Torah

115
Q

Sephardic Torah

A

small branch of Jews who have several of their own unique traditions, usually from Spanish or Portuguese descendant

116
Q

Shabbat

A

Holy day of the week, a day of spiritual renewal beginning at sunset of Friday and continuing to nightfall on Saturday

117
Q

Shechita

A

the right way to kill animals in accordance to Jewish law

118
Q

Shekinah

A

the divine presence which indicates that God is a Being beyond human understanding yet whose presence may be experienced

119
Q

Shema

A

declaration of belief in one God

120
Q

Sheol

A

grave or pit that is the only thing mentioned in the Tenakh about life after death

121
Q

Shoah

A

Holocaust

122
Q

Shofar

A

the ram’s horn blown during Shabbat

123
Q

Shochet

A

someone hired to kill an animal so that it is Kosher

124
Q

Shul

A

school, name for the Synagogue

125
Q

Siddur

A

Jewish prayer book

126
Q

Sifrei Torah

A

Torah scrolls

127
Q

Sinai

A

the mountain where Moses received the Law from God and where the Covenant between God and Israel was made

128
Q

Social Commandments

A

commandments about people’s relationship with other people

129
Q

Sofer

A

a Jewish scribe who writes Torah scrolls and other pieces of scripture

130
Q

Song Songs

A

a Jewish book that is most infused with images of love and sexuality

131
Q

Synagogue

A

means coming together, a building for Jewish public worship, study and gathering

132
Q

Tabula

A

a game traditionally played by Jewish children during celebrations, similar to Backgammon

133
Q

Tallit

A

Jewish prayer shawl

134
Q

Talmud

A

the oral law, Jews believe that this law was given to Moses and then eventually written down and explained by the Rabbis and consists of the Mishnah and the Gemara

135
Q

Tefillin

A

small box containing the Shema, worn on the head and left arm

136
Q

Tenakh

A

books that comprise the Jewish scriptures that falls into three parts, Torah, Nevi’im and Ketuvim, believed by many Jews to have been given to Moses by God on Mount Sinai

137
Q

Tikkun Olam

A

the Jewish belief in healing the world, making the world a better place

138
Q

Trefah

A

forbidden food, literally means torn, doesn’t fit Jewish dietary requirements

139
Q

Tzedakah

A

literally means justice, an important belief in Judaism

140
Q

Tzitzit

A

tassles on the prayer shawl

141
Q

Yad

A

used to read Torah scrolls

142
Q

Yahrzeit

A

the yearly anniversary of a death of a loved one, marked by lighting a candle

143
Q

Yamulke

A

skull cap

144
Q

Yeshivot

A

Orthodox Jewish colleges for studying Tenakh and Talmud

145
Q

Yom Kippur

A

Day of Atonement, a day of penitence and fasting on the tenth day after Rosh Hashanah, the holiest day of the year for Jews

146
Q

Zionist

A

someone who believes that Israel should be developed only for Jews

RE GCSE (8 decks)

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