Crime and Punishment Flashcards
Addiction
being addicted to/dependent on a particular substance, can be a cause of crime (e.g. stealing money to pay for illegal drugs)
Amy Biehl
an American woman who was stabbed and stoned to death in Cape Town in 1993, whose killers were released and pardoned five years later as their actions had been politically motivated, something that Amy’s parents supported and they shook her killers’ hands when they were released
Anti-Social Behaviour Order (ASBO)
a civil order made in Great Britain against a person who had been shown, on the balance of evidence, to have engaged in anti-social behaviour
Bicycle Theft
where a bicycle is stolen, the sixth most common type of theft
Brigitte Soussou Perenyi
a woman who was given to a religious shrine as a slave at the age of seven to atone for her uncle’s adultery, but decided to forgive her uncle as it helped her recognise that everyone is human and makes mistakes
Civil Disobedience
the refusal to comply with certain laws considered unjust, as a peaceful form of political protest
Community Service
punishment involving the criminal doing a set number of hours of physical labour/work in their local community as an alternative to prison
Computer Misuse Theft
where something is stolen through computer misuse
Corporal Punishment
punishment in which physical pain is inflicted on the criminal
Crime
an action that breaks the law
Crime Against a Person
something like murder
Crime Against Property
something like vandalism
Crime Against the State
something like treason
Criminal Damage
a type of theft that involves damage to someone’s property
Curfew
where someone is legally required to be at their place of residence by a certain time for a certain length of time as punishment and deterrence
Death Penalty
capital punishment, the execution of a criminal that is sanctioned by the state
Deterrence
one aim of punishment, the threat of punishment as a way to put a person off committing crime (eg knowing they could go to prison if they steal)
Disqualification from Driving
where someone has their driving licence removed after committing a driving offence, as retribution, deterrence and reform
Electronic Tagging
where someone has an electric tag put on their ankle to track where they are for a certain length of time after committing a crime, as a form of deterrence and reform
Evil Intentions
having the desire to deliberately cause suffering or harm to another
Fines
where someone has to pay money after committing a crime, as retribution and deterrence
Forgiveness Project
a UK-based charity that uses real stories of victims and perpetrators of crime and violence to help people explore ideas around forgiveness and alternatives to revenge. With no political or religious affiliations
Francis and Berthe Climbie
a couple whose seven-year-old daughter, Victoria, was murdered by her aunt, Marie-Therese, but they were able to forgive her as they believed that to not forgive was to kill Victoria twice
Fraud
crime involving intentional deception for personal gain
Golden Rule
a rule that pretty much all religions agree on, that you should treat others as you wish to be treated
Greed
reason for committing a crime, wanting or desiring more of something
Hate
a reason for crime, where emotions are responsible for crime, a reaction to what goes around people or what others have to do with them eg when people do bad things to other people, the hate leads them to take revenge and commit crimes
Hate Crime
a crime committed because of prejudice views about a person or group
High Security Mental Health Institution
a type of prison for people who have severe mental health issues
Jo Berry
a woman whose father was killed by an IRA bomb, but was able to forgive him as she saw forgiveness as a two-sided thing
Julie Nicholson
an Anglican priest whose daughter Jenny was killed in the 7/7 bombings in 2005, but felt she had to quit her job as a priest as she could not forgive the suicide bomber who killed her daughter, and justifies it by claiming that the bomber does not want forgiveness
Law
the rules a country demands its citizens follow, the breaking of which leads to punishment
Marianne Pearl
a medical condition that can cause changes to a person’s behaviour, can be a cause of crime
Mental Illness
a medical condition that can cause changes to a person’s behaviour, can be a cause of crime
Murder
unlawful killing of another person
Opposition to Existing Laws
crimes committed in protest about laws that exist that are considered either unfair or for the benefit of a select few in society, so they commit crimes to get the laws changed
Paul Kohler Beaten
a man who was attacked in his own home and saw forgiveness as a way of dealing with his internal issue and ensuring he wasn’t embittered by her experience
Poverty
the state of being without the things needed for a reasonable quality of life, can be a reason to commit crime as a person sees no other alternative way to survive, as they have no money, no job and cannot provide for themselves or their children
Principle of Utility
the concept of acting out of the greater good for most people, eg removing a dangerous criminal from society in order to protect others
Prison
imprisonment is a form of punishment where a criminal is locked in a secure guarded building for a period of time
Probation
the release of an offender from detention, subject to a period of good behaviour under supervision, as a form of retribution, deterrence and reformation
Probation Order
the release of an offender from detention, subject to a period of good behaviour under supervision, as a form of retribution, deterrence and reformation
Raif Badawi
a man who was sentenced to ten years in prison, 1000 lashes and a fine of 1000000 Saudi currency for the crime of ‘insulting Islam through electronic channels’, by means of running the website Free Saudi Liberals, he only received 50 lashes due to a public outcry and is now free, but is unable to leave Saudi Arabia to join his wife and daughter in Canada
Recidivism
where someone returns to prison after release
Reformation
aim of punishment, helping the criminal see how and why their behaviour was wrong so that their mindset changes for the better
Restorative Justice
where victims meet with criminals as a way to come to terms with what happened
Retribution
aim of punishment, getting the criminal back for their crimes
Robbery
the action of taking property unlawfully by force or threat of force
Rosie Ayliffe
a woman who, through Restorative Justice, managed to forgive the man who killed her daughter, Mia
Ruchi Singh
a victim of domestic violence who decided to forgive her abusers as it meant she could continue with her life in a more peaceful frame of mind, despite not being okay with what her abuser did
Secure Children’s Home
the equivalent of a prison for children aged 10-12
Secure Training Centre
the equivalent of a prison for children aged 12-18
Theft
taking something without the owner’s consent
Theft From Person
offences such as pickpocketing, where something is stolen person-on-person without violence
Unjust Law
a legal requirement within a society that is believed to be unfair, a cause of crime if fa person believes they cannot follow, or must act against, a law they believe is unjust
Upbringing
the environment a child lives in and the instructions they receive while they are growing up, can be a cause of crime
Vehicle-Related Theft
crimes such as Taking Without Consent
Violent Theft
person-on-person theft that involves violence
Whole Life Tariff
a rare type of prison sentence that actually does last for someone’s whole life
Youth Offender’s Institution
the equivalent of a prison for children aged 18-21
