Joos 1962

Question 1

Frozen (Joos 1961)

Answer 1

printed, unchanging language such as biblical quotations

Question 2

Formal (Joos 1961)

Answer 2

one way participation, no interruption, technical vocabulary

Question 3

Consultative (Joos 1961)

Answer 3

two-way participation, background information is provided, prior knowledge is not assumed, back channeling behaviours common, interruptions allowed

Question 4

Casual (Joos 1961)

Answer 4

in group of friends and acquaintances, no background is provided, ellipsis and slang common, interruptions common

Question 5

Intimate (Joos 1961)

Answer 5

non-public, intonation more important than working or grammar, private vocabulary