Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal > Joints, synovial fluid and cartilage > Flashcards

Joints, synovial fluid and cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of joints?

A

Fibrous

Cartilagenous

Synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where do you find fibrous joints?

A

In the peridontal ligament

In the cranial sutures

In the interosseus membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the different types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Primary joint - only hyaline cartliage, these are also known as synchondrosis - found in the epiphyseal groath plate of long bones

Secondary joint - contains hyaline and fibrocartilage, also known as symphysis - found in the intervertebral disks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are secondary cartilaginous joints?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the components of the synovial joint?

A

Contains:

Synovial cavity

Articular cartilage

Fibrous capsule

Synovial membrane

May also contain -

articular discs, ligaments and bursae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the different types of synovial joints?

A

Plane - these are the facet joints in the vertebral column

Hinge

Pivot - radioulnar joint

Condylar - atlanto occipital joint

Saddle (between the trapezium and the 1sr metacarpal)

Ball and socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does joint stability depend on?

A

Shape of articulating surfaces

Capsule and ligaments

Muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is the shoulder more likely to dislocate than the hip?

A

Shoulder joint is more shallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What cartilage is present in synovial joints?

A

Hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage

Hyaline cartilgae is found in the articulating surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is found in the superficial layer of articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage)?

A

Flattened chondrocytes that produce collagen and glycoproteins (such as lubricin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is found in the transitional layer of articular cartilage?

A

Round chondrocytes that produce proteoglycans such as aggrecan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What percentage of articular cartilage is water?

A

Over 75% is water - making the carilage incompressible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the action of aggrecan?

A

Attracts water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are glycoproteins?

A

Oligosaccharide chains are attached to proteins - more a protein than a carbohydrate

Example is lubricin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a proteoglycan?

A

Proteins that are heavily glycosylated - a protein core to which one or more GAGs attach - tend to be more carb than protien

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are GAG’s?

A

•Glycosaminoglycans or GAGs (e.g. hyaluronic acid): long unbranched polysaccharides, which are highly polar and thus attract water

17
Q

Cartilage is avascular - aneural and alymphatic - how does it recieve nutrients and remove waste products?

A

Synovial fluid produced by synovial membrane (synovium)

18
Q

What produces synovial fluid?

A

synoviocytes of the synovium

19
Q

What is the structure of the synovium?

A

Rich capillary network - no epithelial lining

20
Q

What is the movement of nutrients in and out of the synovial fluid?

A

→Direct exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide & metabolites between blood & synovial fluid

21
Q

What are the types of synoviocytes?

A

Type A and Type B

22
Q

What is the function of synoviocytes Type A?

A

Remove debris - contribute to synovial fluid produciton

They also look like macrophages

23
Q

What is the function of synoviocytes type B?

A

They are the main producer of synovial fluid and are fibroblast like

24
Q

What are the componentes of synovial fluid?

A
  • Viscous fluid
  • Hyaluronic acid & lubricin
  • Fluid component (from blood plasma)
  • Small volumes (knee joint: ̴0.5 ml )
  • Rapid turnover ( ̴2 hours)
25
Q

What are the funcitons of synoival fluid?

A
  • Nutrition of cartilage (articular c., menisci/discs)
  • Removal of waste products
  • Lubrication so less friction so less wear
26
Q

How is the thin film of glycoproteins such as lubricin formed on the articular surface?

A

Glycoproteins bind to receptors on the articular surfaces to form a thin film

27
Q

How are joint surfaces kept separated?

A

Kept apart by liquid pressure

28
Q

When does viscosity of synovial fluid change?

A

–Viscosity changes with load and velocity of movement

29
Q

How is fluid volume increased in the joint cavity?

A

–Fluid that is present in the cartilage is squeezed out into the synovial cavity to increase fluid volume

30
Q

What are bursae?

A

Fluid filled sacs that counter friction in a joint

They are line by synovial membrane and are filled with viscous synovial fluid

Inflammation results in bursitis

31
Q

How does the ageing process affect the joint?

A

•Viscosity of synovial fluid increases

–Slower joint movements

–Reduced lubrication

•Water content of cartilage decreases

–Reduced shock absorption

→Less protection of articular surfaces & increased risk of damage

32
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Musculoskeletal (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions