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Musculoskeletal > Anatomy of Hip and Knee (Including Clinical relevance) > Flashcards

Anatomy of Hip and Knee (Including Clinical relevance) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ball and socket in the hip joint?

A

Ball = femoral head

Socket = Acetabulum

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2
Q

What increases the depth of the femur?

A

•Depth of the acetabulum increased by the fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament

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3
Q

What is the femoral head covered with?

A

•The head is covered with articular cartilage, except for the pit or fovea for the ligament of the head of femur

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4
Q

What does the iliofemoral ligament prevent?

A

Prevents hyperextension

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5
Q

What does the pubofemoral ligament prevent?

A

Prevents overabduction og hip joint

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6
Q

What are the ligaments of the hip?

A

Iliofemoral

Pubofemoral

Ischiofemoral

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7
Q

What are the flexors of the hip?

A

Chief flexor = iliopsoas

Other flexors =

  • Sartorius
  • Tensor fasciae latae
  • Rectus femoris
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor longus, brevis and magnus (anterior part)
  • Gracillis
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8
Q

What are the hip extensors?

A

Gluteus maximus

Hamstrings (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris)

Adductor magnus - posterior part

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9
Q

What are the hip adductors?

A
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor magnus
  • Obturator externus
  • Gracillis
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10
Q

What are the hip abductors/medial rotators?

A
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
  • Tensor fasciae latae
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11
Q

What are the hip lateral rotators?

A
  • Obturator internus & externus
  • Piriformis
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gemelli
  • Quadratus femoris
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12
Q

Where do the medial and lateral circumflex arteries arise from that supply the hip?

A

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries - branches of the profunda femoris artery

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13
Q

Which artery supplies the head of the femur?

A

Obturator artery

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14
Q

What is the nerve supply to the hip?

A

Femoral, obturator and the superior gluteal nerve

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15
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the knee?

A

1) Femoro -tibial (lateral & medial) - fibula is not involved in the knee articulation
1) Femoro -patellar

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16
Q

What are the 5 capsular ligaments of the knee?

A
  1. Patellar ligament
  2. Fibular or lateral collateral ligament (FCL)
  3. Tibial or medial collateral ligament (TCL)
  4. Oblique popliteal ligament -Expansion of semimembranosus tendon
  5. Arcuate popliteal ligament
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17
Q

Which bursae connect with the joint cavity in the knee?

A

Suprapatellar bursa

Popliteal bursa

Anserine bursa

Gastrocnemius bursa

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18
Q

What are the attachments of the tibial collateral ligament?

A

•Extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to medial condyle and medial surface of the tibia

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19
Q

What are the deep fobres of the tibial collateral ligament attched to?

A

•Deep fibres of the TCL are firmly attached to the medial meniscus

20
Q

What are the attachments of the fibular collateral ligament?

A

Extends from lateral epicondyle of femur to the head of femur

21
Q

What passes deep to the FCL?

A

Tendon of popliteus

22
Q

What are the intra-articular structures of the knee?

A

Cruciate ligaments and menisci

23
Q

What is the function of the ACL?

A
  • Weaker of the two
  • Poor blood supply
  • Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on the tibia
  • Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of knee
24
Q

What are the functions of the PCL?

A
  • Stronger of the two
  • Limits anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia
  • Prevents hyperflexion of the knee
25
Q

What are the menisci?

A

Crescentic plates of fibrocartliage

26
Q

What is the role of the menisci?

A

•Deepen the surface and play a role in shock absorption

27
Q

Medial meniscus

A

•Medial meniscus: C – shaped, broader posteriorly, and adheres to the deep surface of TCL

28
Q

Lateral meniscus

A

•Lateral meniscus: Smaller and more freely movable than medial meniscus. Tendon of the popliteus separates it from the PCL

29
Q

What are the movements of the knee?

A

Flexion and extension

30
Q

What is locking and unlocking, what is the role of the popliteus muscle in this?

A
  • Locking (medial rotation of femur on the tibia) and unlocking (lateral rotation of femur on the tibia) of knee
  • Popliteus muscle unlocks the knee (initial flexion) (lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia)
31
Q

What are the flexors of the knee?

A

1) Hamstrings
2) Sartorius
3) Gracillis
4) Gastrocnemius
5) Popliteus

32
Q

What are the extensors of the knee?

A

Quadriceps femoris

33
Q

What nerve is responsible for knee extension?

34
Q

WHat nerve is responsible for hip adduction?

A

Obturator nerve

35
Q

What movements is the sciatic nerve involved in?

A

External rotation of the hip

Knee flexion

36
Q

What movements does the superior gluteal nerve responsible for?

A

Hip abduction and extension

37
Q

What are the three compartments of the knee joint?

A

Medial tibiofemoral

Lateral tibiofemoral

Patellofemoral

(proximal tibiofibular joint) - this is a synovial plane

38
Q

What is responsible for other movements of the knee besides the hinge motions?

A

Popliteus - responsible for internal rotation

39
Q

How does the articular cartilage of the knee receive nutrition?

A

Through the synovial fluid

40
Q

Where does the knee capsule bulge?

A

Bulges where the capsule is thin since there is uneven thickness of the capsule - bakers cysts in popliteal fossa

41
Q

What is the Q angle in males and females?

A

14 degrees in males

17 degrees in females

42
Q

What is the technical term for bpw legs and knocked knees?

A

Bow legs - genu varum

Knocked knees = genu valgum

43
Q

What are the menisci made from?

A

Fibroelastic cartilage

44
Q

What is the role of the menisci?

A

Joint contour

Load distribution

Lubrication

45
Q

Which menisci is more likely to be damaged?

Musculoskeletal (28 decks)

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