Anatomy of Hip and Knee (Including Clinical relevance) Flashcards
What is the ball and socket in the hip joint?
Ball = femoral head
Socket = Acetabulum
What increases the depth of the femur?
•Depth of the acetabulum increased by the fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament
What is the femoral head covered with?
•The head is covered with articular cartilage, except for the pit or fovea for the ligament of the head of femur
What does the iliofemoral ligament prevent?
Prevents hyperextension
What does the pubofemoral ligament prevent?
Prevents overabduction og hip joint
What are the ligaments of the hip?
Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
What are the flexors of the hip?
Chief flexor = iliopsoas
Other flexors =
- Sartorius
- Tensor fasciae latae
- Rectus femoris
- Pectineus
- Adductor longus, brevis and magnus (anterior part)
- Gracillis
What are the hip extensors?
Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris)
Adductor magnus - posterior part
What are the hip adductors?
- Pectineus
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor magnus
- Obturator externus
- Gracillis
What are the hip abductors/medial rotators?
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus
- Tensor fasciae latae
What are the hip lateral rotators?
- Obturator internus & externus
- Piriformis
- Gluteus maximus
- Gemelli
- Quadratus femoris
Where do the medial and lateral circumflex arteries arise from that supply the hip?
Medial and lateral circumflex arteries - branches of the profunda femoris artery
Which artery supplies the head of the femur?
Obturator artery
What is the nerve supply to the hip?
Femoral, obturator and the superior gluteal nerve
What are the articular surfaces of the knee?
1) Femoro -tibial (lateral & medial) - fibula is not involved in the knee articulation
1) Femoro -patellar
What are the 5 capsular ligaments of the knee?
- Patellar ligament
- Fibular or lateral collateral ligament (FCL)
- Tibial or medial collateral ligament (TCL)
- Oblique popliteal ligament -Expansion of semimembranosus tendon
- Arcuate popliteal ligament
Which bursae connect with the joint cavity in the knee?
Suprapatellar bursa
Popliteal bursa
Anserine bursa
Gastrocnemius bursa
What are the attachments of the tibial collateral ligament?
•Extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to medial condyle and medial surface of the tibia
What are the deep fobres of the tibial collateral ligament attched to?
•Deep fibres of the TCL are firmly attached to the medial meniscus
What are the attachments of the fibular collateral ligament?
Extends from lateral epicondyle of femur to the head of femur
What passes deep to the FCL?
Tendon of popliteus
What are the intra-articular structures of the knee?
Cruciate ligaments and menisci
What is the function of the ACL?
- Weaker of the two
- Poor blood supply
- Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on the tibia
- Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of knee
What are the functions of the PCL?
- Stronger of the two
- Limits anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia
- Prevents hyperflexion of the knee
