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Musculoskeletal > Anatomy of the Shoulder and Elbow > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Shoulder and Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What attaches to the greater tuberosity of the humerus?

A

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

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2
Q

What attaches to the lesser tuberosity?

A

Subscapularis

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3
Q

What is the function of the clavicle?

A

Strut to support the shoulder

Protects the brachianl plexus and vessels

Attachment for muscles:

Trapezius

Deltoid

Pectoralis Major

Subclavius

Sternocleidomastoid

Sternohyoid

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4
Q

What are the ligaments of the shoulder?

A

Superior glenohumeral ligament

Inferior glenohumeral ligament

Middle gleonohumeral ligament

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5
Q

What is the labrum in the shoulder made out of?

A

Fibrocartlage

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the shoulder labrum?

A

Elevates the gelnoid edge

Doubles the glenoid depth and increases the surface area

Acts as a chock block limiting glenohumeral translation

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7
Q

What is a bankart lesion?

A

Injury of anterior part of glenoid labrum

As a result of anterior shoulder subluxations

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8
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Subscapularis

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

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9
Q

What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Blend with the capsule - protect and give stability

Hold the head of the humerus against the glenoid cavity during shoulder movements

All except the supraspinatus are rotators of the shoulder joint

(protect and stabilises the joint, holds the head of the humerus in place, rotate except the supraspinatus muscle)

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10
Q

When is the axillary nerve injured?

A

Shoulder dislocation

Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of an axillary nerve injury?

A

Weakness of deltiod

Sensory loss in badge area

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12
Q

How does the movement of the glenohumeral joint compare with the scapulothoracic joint when abducting the arm?

A

The first 30 degrees are mainly at the glenohumeral joint

For every 2 degrees movement at the GH joint there is 1 degree of movement at the scapulothoracic joint

Overall there is 180 degrees of motion

120 degrees at the GH joint

60 degrees at the ST joint

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13
Q

What are the main flexors of the shoulder joint?

A

Pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, biceps and deltoid (ant part)

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14
Q

What are the main extensors of the shoulder joint?

A

Teres major

Latissimus dorsi

Deltoid (posterior part)

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15
Q

What muscles are resposible for abduction?

A

Deltoid (middle part) and supraspinatus

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16
Q

What muscles are responsible for adduction?

A

Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

17
Q

What muscles are responsible for medial rotation?

A

Teres major and subscapularis

18
Q

What muscles are used for lateral rotation?

A

Teres minor and infraspinatus

19
Q

Which is more lateral the capitulum or the trochlea?

A

Capitulum

20
Q

Where does the ulnar (medial) collateral extend to and from?

A

Extends from the medial epicondyle to the coronoid process and olecranon

21
Q

Where does the radial collateral extend to?

A

Radial collateral – extends from lateral epicondyle of humerus & blends with annular ligament

22
Q

What are the flexors of the elbow joint?

A

Brachialis

Biceps brachii

Brachioradialis

23
Q

What are the extensors of the elbow?

A

Triceps

Anconeus

Gravity

24
Q

What are the radioulnar joints?

A

Superior and inferior - uniaxial (pivot) - synovial

Middle radioulnar - syndemosis (fibrous jiont)

25
Q

What are the movements of the radioulnar joints?

A

Suppination

Pronation

26
Q

Which bone does the annular ligament surround?

A

Encircles the radial head - it is a strong fibrous band

27
Q

Which bone moves during pronation and suppination?

A

Radius

28
Q

What are the muscles responsible for pronation?

A

Pronator quadratus

Pronator teres

Gravity

29
Q

What are the muscles responsible for supination?

A

Biceps brachi

Supinator

30
Q
A

Musculoskeletal (28 decks)

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