Anatomy of the Shoulder and Elbow Flashcards
What attaches to the greater tuberosity of the humerus?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
What attaches to the lesser tuberosity?
Subscapularis
What is the function of the clavicle?
Strut to support the shoulder
Protects the brachianl plexus and vessels
Attachment for muscles:
Trapezius
Deltoid
Pectoralis Major
Subclavius
Sternocleidomastoid
Sternohyoid
What are the ligaments of the shoulder?
Superior glenohumeral ligament
Inferior glenohumeral ligament
Middle gleonohumeral ligament
What is the labrum in the shoulder made out of?
Fibrocartlage
What is the purpose of the shoulder labrum?
Elevates the gelnoid edge
Doubles the glenoid depth and increases the surface area
Acts as a chock block limiting glenohumeral translation
What is a bankart lesion?
Injury of anterior part of glenoid labrum
As a result of anterior shoulder subluxations
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?
Blend with the capsule - protect and give stability
Hold the head of the humerus against the glenoid cavity during shoulder movements
All except the supraspinatus are rotators of the shoulder joint
(protect and stabilises the joint, holds the head of the humerus in place, rotate except the supraspinatus muscle)
When is the axillary nerve injured?
Shoulder dislocation
Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus
What are the clinical signs of an axillary nerve injury?
Weakness of deltiod
Sensory loss in badge area
How does the movement of the glenohumeral joint compare with the scapulothoracic joint when abducting the arm?
The first 30 degrees are mainly at the glenohumeral joint
For every 2 degrees movement at the GH joint there is 1 degree of movement at the scapulothoracic joint
Overall there is 180 degrees of motion
120 degrees at the GH joint
60 degrees at the ST joint
What are the main flexors of the shoulder joint?
Pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, biceps and deltoid (ant part)
What are the main extensors of the shoulder joint?
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid (posterior part)
What muscles are resposible for abduction?
Deltoid (middle part) and supraspinatus
What muscles are responsible for adduction?
Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi
What muscles are responsible for medial rotation?
Teres major and subscapularis
What muscles are used for lateral rotation?
Teres minor and infraspinatus
Which is more lateral the capitulum or the trochlea?
Capitulum
Where does the ulnar (medial) collateral extend to and from?
Extends from the medial epicondyle to the coronoid process and olecranon
Where does the radial collateral extend to?
Radial collateral – extends from lateral epicondyle of humerus & blends with annular ligament
What are the flexors of the elbow joint?
Brachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis
What are the extensors of the elbow?
Triceps
Anconeus
Gravity
What are the radioulnar joints?
Superior and inferior - uniaxial (pivot) - synovial
Middle radioulnar - syndemosis (fibrous jiont)
What are the movements of the radioulnar joints?
Suppination
Pronation
Which bone does the annular ligament surround?
Encircles the radial head - it is a strong fibrous band
Which bone moves during pronation and suppination?
Radius
What are the muscles responsible for pronation?
Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres
Gravity
What are the muscles responsible for supination?
Biceps brachi
Supinator
