Anatomy of the Hand and Wrist Flashcards
Which nerve is associated with wrist drop?
Radial nerve
What type of joint is the wrist joint?
It is a condyloid joint
What type of joint is the carpo metacarpal of the first digit (trapezium and first metacarpal)
Synovial saddle joint
What type of joint exist between the carpo-metacarpal of the 2nd - 5th digits?
Condyloid
What type of joint is the proximal metacarpo-phalyngeal?
Synovial condyloid
What type of joints are interphalyngeal joints?
Hinge
Subclavian becomes axillary at lateral border of 1st rib
Axillary becomes brachial at inferior border of teres major m.
Brachial divides into radial and ulnar in cubital fossa
Radial and ulnar form palmar arches in palm of hand which give off digital aa (run either side of digits).
The ulnar artery is the main contributor to the more distal superficial palmar arch.
The radial artery is the main contributor to the more proximal deep palmar arch.
Superficial veins arise from the dorsal venous arch on the back of the hand
Cephalic vein travels up the limb on lateral side. Drains into axillary vein below clavicle
Basilic vein travels up the limb on medial side. Becomes continuous with brachial veins (deep veins accompanying brachial a.)
Median cubital vein connects cephalic and basilic across cubital fossa
What drains the lymph from the upper limb?
Upper right quarter of the body = right lymphatic duct
everything else = thoracic duct
How many flexor and extensor muscles are there?
•Flexor-pronators
8 muscles
•Extensor
11 muscles
•Brachioradialis
(Exception: does flexion of forearm but muscle of the posterior compartment and supplied by the radial nerve)
Forearm flexors
Forearm flexors
Forearm extensors
Forearm extensors
Forearm flexors
What artery lies in the anatomical snuff box?
Radial artery
What runs in the carpal tunnel?
9 tendons of FDS, FDP and FPL together with the median nerve
What are the flexors of the arm and the forearm innervated by?
Arm = musculocutaneous nerve
Forearm = median nerve and ulnar nerve
Brachioradialis is innervated by the radial nerve which is the large exception
What innervates the extensors of the arm and the forearm?
Radial nerve
How many of the following muscles exist?
Thenar
Hypothenar
Palmar interossei
Dorsal interossei
- Thenar M (x4)
- Hypothenar (x3)
- Lumbricals (x4)
- Palmer interossei (x3)
- Dorsal interossei (x4)
What nerves in the hand are supplied by the median nerve?
Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, flexor, opponens pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis longus is also innervated by the median nerve although I think this may be classified as a muscle of the forearm
Thenar muscles
What are the hypothenar muscles?
Flexor digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
Function: Thenar & Hypothenar
Functions: Interossei
Where do lumbricals arise from?
They originate from the FDP tendons
What is the action of lumbricals?
Simultaneously flex the MCP joint and extend the PIP joint
What is the distal attachment of lumbrical muscles?
distal attachments of these muscle is on to the dorsal expansions of the phalanges.
What are the features of a median nerve injury?
First two lumbrical muscles are paralysed
What does an ulnar nerve injury look like?
Loss of flexion of terminal phalynges of little and ring fingers due to loss of flexor digitorum profundus.
There is also hypothenar and interosseous wasting
