Joints: Part 1 Flashcards
Articulation
Site where 2 or more bones meet
What are the weakest parts of the skeleton?
Joints
Structural classification of joints are based off of what 2 things?
- Material that binds the bones
2. Presence/Absence of joint cavity
3 structural classifications of joints
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Characteristics of fibrous joints
> Bones join by dense fibrous connective tissue
No joint cavity
Immovable
Type of fibrous joint: suture
Suture in fibrous joint
> Immovable
Protects brain
Allow for growth during youth
Characteristics of Cartilaginous joints
> Bones united by cartilage
No joint cavity
Type of cartilaginous joint: Symphyses
Symphyses joint
Fibrocartilage unites bone
What is a ligament?
Connects bone to bone
What is a tendon?
Connects muscle to bone
Characteristics of Synovial joints
> Bones separated by synovial fluid
Has joint cavity
Includes al limb joints
6 distinguishing features of synovial joints
- Articular cartilage
- Joint cavity
- Articular capsule
- Synovial fluid
- Different types of ligaments
- Nerves and blood vessels
3 types of ligaments
Capsular: thickened part
Extracapsular: outside the capsule
Intracapsular: deep to capsule, converted by synovial membrane
What do nerve fibers do?
Detect pain and monitor joint position and stretch
Capillary beds
Supply filtrate for synovial fluid
Fatty pads
Cushions between fibrous layer and synovial membrane or bone
Articular discs
Fibrocartilage separates articular surfaces to improve “fit” of bone ends, stabilize joint, and reduce wear and tear
Bursae
> Sacs lined with synovial membrane
Contain synovial fluid
Reduce friction where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together
Stability in synovial joints is determined by
Articular surfaces
Ligaments
Muscle tone
Synovial joints: movements allowed
> All muscles attach to bone or connective tissue at no fewer than 2 points
Nonaxial
Slipping movements
Uniaxial
One plane movement
Biaxial
Two plane movement
Multiaxial
Three plane movement
3 general types of movement
- gliding
- angular movements
- rotation
Gliding movement
One bone surface glides/slides over another similar surface
Angular movement
Flexion: decreases angle of joint
Extension: increases angle of joint
3 types of angular movement
Abduction: away from the midline
Adduction: toward the midline
Circumduction: describes a cone in space
Rotation
> Turning of bone around its own long axis
Toward midline or away from it
Medial or lateral
