Heart

Question 1

What are the layers of the heart? (3)

Answer 1

Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 2

What is the pericardium?

Answer 2

Sac that covers the heart

Question 3

What is the myocardium?

Answer 3

Heart muscle (thickest layer)

Question 4

What is the endocardium?

Answer 4

Lines the heart

Question 5

What is pericarditis?

Answer 5

1. Inflammation of the pericardium
2. Decreased production of serous fluid
3. Causes a rustling sound, friction rub

Question 6

What will happen if the heart continues to rub?

Answer 6

It can exert excess pressure and cause heart failure

Question 7

What is endocarditis?

Answer 7

1. Inflammation of the endocardium

2. Bacterial infection

Question 8

How many chambers does the heart have? How many are superior or inferior?

Answer 8

4 chambers
2 superior: thin-walled atrium
2 inferior: thick-walled ventricles

Question 9

What do heart valves do?

Answer 9

Prevents backflow of blood

Question 10

What are the 4 valves called?

Answer 10

Tricuspid
Pulmonary
Bicuspid
Aortic

Question 11

What is an incompetent valve?

Answer 11

Valve opens, but does not close completely- leads to backward leaking

Question 12

What is a valvular stenosis?

Answer 12

Stiff valve that does not open all the way due to bacteria infection (Bactria cause scar tissue on valve)

Question 13

Treatment for infection?

Answer 13

Valve replacement: either mechanical

Question 14

Pathway of blood!! Important!

Answer 14

1. Superior & inferior vena cava and coronary veins
2. Right atrium
3. Tricuspid valve
4. Right ventricle
5. Pulmonary valve
6. Pulmonary artery
7. Lungs
8. Pulmonary veins
9. Left atrium
10. Bicuspid valve
11. Left ventricle
12. Aortic valve
13. Aorta
14. Arteries
15. Arterioles
16. Capillaries
17. Venule
18. Veins

Question 15

Myocardium blood supply

Answer 15

Heart is not nourished by the blood that passes through it

Question 16

Coronary arteries supple what?

Answer 16

O2 rich blood

Question 17

Coronary veins do what?

Answer 17

Take CO2 to right atrium

Question 18

What is a myocardial infarction?

Answer 18

1. Heart attack
2. Part of myocardium dies
3. Lack of blood and O2
4. Scar tissue forms
5. Heart becomes stiff
6. Worst: left ventricle

Question 19

Percent composition of blood?

Answer 19

54% plasma
45% RBC
1% WBC and platelets

Question 20

Blood is collected in a what tube?

Answer 20

Centrifuge tube- blood is spun and heavier formed elements move to the outside of the tube

Question 21

What are Leukocytes? (WBC)

Answer 21

1. Larger, more complex than RBC
2. Fewer than RBC
3. Function: immunity

Question 22

What are platelets? (Thrombocytes)

Answer 22

1. Cell fragments
2. Lifespan: 5-9 days
3. Important in the process of blood clotting

Question 23

What’s the heart’s function?

Answer 23

Pressurize blood to flow through the vessels