Joints of the Upper Extremity UE5

Question 1

synovial joints

Answer 1

• most common type of joint in the body
  ~consist of a joint cavity with articulating surfaces of bones

The six types:
- plane joints
- hinge joints
- pivot joints
- condyloid joints
- saddle joints
- ball and socket joints

Question 2

plane joints

Answer 2

(AC joint, intercarpal joint)
~ surfaces which are flat or slightly curved
~ gliding movements

Question 3

hinge joints

Answer 3

(elbow joint)
~ resemble the hinge on a door
~ flexion and extension

Question 4

pivot joints

Answer 4

(radioulnar joint)
~ bony pivot surrounded by ligaments ring
~ rotation only

Question 5

condyloid joint

Answer 5

(wrist, MCP)
~ oval-shaped concave and convex portions
~ flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

Question 6

saddle joints

Answer 6

(CMC joint of the thumb)
~ concave and convex portions
~ flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and opposition

Question 7

ball and socket joint

Answer 7

(glenohumeral)
~ ball like head fits into socket cavity
~ flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial/lateral rotation, and circumduction

Question 8

joints of the shoulder

Answer 8

• sternoclavicular
• acromioclavicular
  -glenohumeral

Question 9

sternoclavicular joint

Answer 9

• saddle-type joint
• strong, but mobile joint
• transfers forces to the axial skeleton
• only joint of the UE which is connected to the axial skeleton
• location is between the proximal aspect of the clavicle and manubrium of the sternum

Question 10

what does the movement at the SC joint depend on?

Answer 10

movement at this joint relies primarily on the motion of the scapula and the pectoral girdle

• no muscles have immediate action on the SC joint.

Question 11

ligaments of the SC joint

Answer 11

• anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
• interclavicular
• costoclavicular

Question 12

anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

Answer 12

reinforce the joint capsule anteriorly and posteriorly

Question 13

interclavicular

Answer 13

strengthens the joint capsule superiorly and limits depression of the clavicle

Question 14

costoclavicular

Answer 14

anchors the sternal end of the clavicle to the 1st rib, limiting elevation of the clavicle

Question 15

movements of the SC joint

Answer 15

• protraction/ retraction
• elevation/ depression
• axial rotation

Question 16

acromioclavicular (AC) joint

Answer 16

• plane synovial joint
• located between the lateral clavicle and acromium of scapula
• allows limited side to side gliding motion between scapula and clavicle
• provides stability to the shoulder
• transmits forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton

Question 17

ligaments of the AC joint

Answer 17

• coracoclavicular ligament
• acromioclavicular ligament

Question 18

coracoclavicular ligament

Answer 18

• anchors the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula
• consists of two ligaments: conoid and trapezoid
• helps suspend the scapula and limb from the clavicle

Question 19

acromioclavicular ligament

Answer 19

• extends from the acromion to the clavicle
• strengthens the AC joint superiorly

Question 20

glenohumeral joint

Answer 20

• ball and socket joint
• the humeral head articulates with
  the shallow glenoid cavity of the
  scapula
• wide range of motion, but not very
  stable
  ~ laxity of the joint capsule
  ~ large size of the humeral head
  compared to the small size of the
  glenoid cavit

Question 21

glenoid labrum

Answer 21

• fibrocartilage
• deepens glenoid cavity and assists with stability
• suction effect
• tearing = instability
• blends with ligaments & long head of biceps brachii tendon

Question 22

glenohumeral ligaments- static stabilizers

Answer 22

• glenohumeral ligaments
• coracohumeral
• transverse
• coracoacromial

Question 23

glenohumeral ligaments

Answer 23

• primary stabilizers of the joint
  ~ 3 fibrous bands
  ~ reinforce the joint anteriorly
  ~ make up the fibrous capsule of the joint

Question 24

coracohumeral ligament

Answer 24

• base of the coracoid process to the greater/lesser tubercles of the humerus
• reinforces joint superiorly, merges with tendon of supraspinatus

Question 25

transverse humeral ligament

Answer 25

- greater to the lesser tubercle of the humerus - helps keep the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii in place.

Question 26

coracoacromial ligament

Answer 26

- coracoid process of scapula to the acromium of scapula - reinforces joint superiorly - prevents superior dislocation of the humerus

Question 27

ligaments of the elbow

Answer 27

- radial collateral ligament - ulnar collateral ligament

Question 28

radial collateral ligament

Answer 28

- lateral epicondyle of humerus to annular ligament of radius - reinforce the elbow during flexion-extension

Question 29

ulnar collateral ligament

Answer 29

- medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna - reinforce the elbow during flexion-extension

Question 30

radio ulnar joint

Answer 30

- pivot Joint - movements - pronation-supination - the radius moves around the fixed ulna

Question 31

proximal radio- ulnar joint

Answer 31

- head of radius articulates with the radial notch of ulna - annular ligament-holds the head of the radius in the radial notch of the ulna

Question 32

distal radio-ulnar joint

Answer 32

distal radius articulates with the head of the ulna

Question 33

joints of the hand

Answer 33

- radiocarpal (wrist) - intercarpal/Midcarpal - carpo-metacarpal (CMC) - metacarophalangeal (MCP) - interphalangeal - PIP, DIP

Question 34

carpometacarpal (CMC) joints

Answer 34

distal carpal bones articulate with metacarpals

Question 35

CMC thumb saddle joint

Answer 35

- flexion/ extension - abduction/ adduction - opposition

Question 36

digits 2-5 plane joints

Answer 36

- gliding motion - almost no movement occurs at the 2nd and 3rd digits - the 4th digit is slightly mobile - the 5th digit is moderately mobile

Question 37

joints of the fingers

Answer 37

- MCP joints - IP joints (PIP and DIP)

Question 38

MCP joints

Answer 38

- condyloid joint - flexion–extension and adduction–abduction. - MCP joint of the thumb is limited to flexion–extension.

Question 39

Ip joints (PIP and DIP)