Joints of the Upper Extremity UE5 Flashcards
synovial joints
- most common type of joint in the body
~consist of a joint cavity with articulating surfaces of bones
The six types:
- plane joints
- hinge joints
- pivot joints
- condyloid joints
- saddle joints
- ball and socket joints
plane joints
(AC joint, intercarpal joint)
~ surfaces which are flat or slightly curved
~ gliding movements
hinge joints
(elbow joint)
~ resemble the hinge on a door
~ flexion and extension
pivot joints
(radioulnar joint)
~ bony pivot surrounded by ligaments ring
~ rotation only
condyloid joint
(wrist, MCP)
~ oval-shaped concave and convex portions
~ flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
saddle joints
(CMC joint of the thumb)
~ concave and convex portions
~ flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and opposition
ball and socket joint
(glenohumeral)
~ ball like head fits into socket cavity
~ flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial/lateral rotation, and circumduction
joints of the shoulder
- sternoclavicular
- acromioclavicular
-glenohumeral
sternoclavicular joint
- saddle-type joint
- strong, but mobile joint
- transfers forces to the axial skeleton
- only joint of the UE which is connected to the axial skeleton
- location is between the proximal aspect of the clavicle and manubrium of the sternum
what does the movement at the SC joint depend on?
movement at this joint relies primarily on the motion of the scapula and the pectoral girdle
- no muscles have immediate action on the SC joint.
ligaments of the SC joint
- anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
- interclavicular
- costoclavicular
anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
reinforce the joint capsule anteriorly and posteriorly
interclavicular
strengthens the joint capsule superiorly and limits depression of the clavicle
costoclavicular
anchors the sternal end of the clavicle to the 1st rib, limiting elevation of the clavicle
movements of the SC joint
- protraction/ retraction
- elevation/ depression
- axial rotation
acromioclavicular (AC) joint
- plane synovial joint
- located between the lateral clavicle and acromium of scapula
- allows limited side to side gliding motion between scapula and clavicle
- provides stability to the shoulder
- transmits forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton
ligaments of the AC joint
- coracoclavicular ligament
- acromioclavicular ligament
coracoclavicular ligament
- anchors the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula
- consists of two ligaments: conoid and trapezoid
- helps suspend the scapula and limb from the clavicle
acromioclavicular ligament
- extends from the acromion to the clavicle
- strengthens the AC joint superiorly
glenohumeral joint
- ball and socket joint
- the humeral head articulates with
the shallow glenoid cavity of the
scapula - wide range of motion, but not very
stable
~ laxity of the joint capsule
~ large size of the humeral head
compared to the small size of the
glenoid cavit
glenoid labrum
- fibrocartilage
- deepens glenoid cavity and assists with stability
- suction effect
- tearing = instability
- blends with ligaments & long head of biceps brachii tendon
glenohumeral ligaments- static stabilizers
- glenohumeral ligaments
- coracohumeral
- transverse
- coracoacromial
glenohumeral ligaments
- primary stabilizers of the joint
~ 3 fibrous bands
~ reinforce the joint anteriorly
~ make up the fibrous capsule of the joint
coracohumeral ligament
- base of the coracoid process to the greater/lesser tubercles of the humerus
- reinforces joint superiorly, merges with tendon of supraspinatus
transverse humeral ligament
- greater to the lesser tubercle of the humerus
- helps keep the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii in place.
coracoacromial ligament
- coracoid process of scapula to the acromium of scapula
- reinforces joint superiorly
- prevents superior dislocation of the humerus
ligaments of the elbow
- radial collateral ligament
- ulnar collateral ligament
radial collateral ligament
- lateral epicondyle of humerus to annular ligament of radius
- reinforce the elbow during flexion-extension
ulnar collateral ligament
- medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna
- reinforce the elbow during flexion-extension
radio ulnar joint
- pivot Joint
- movements
- pronation-supination
- the radius moves around the fixed ulna
proximal radio- ulnar joint
- head of radius articulates with the radial notch of ulna
- annular ligament-holds the head of the radius in the radial notch of the ulna
distal radio-ulnar joint
distal radius articulates with the head of the ulna
joints of the hand
- radiocarpal (wrist)
- intercarpal/Midcarpal
- carpo-metacarpal (CMC)
- metacarophalangeal (MCP)
- interphalangeal
- PIP, DIP
carpometacarpal (CMC) joints
distal carpal bones articulate with metacarpals
CMC thumb saddle joint
- flexion/ extension
- abduction/ adduction
- opposition
digits 2-5 plane joints
- gliding motion
- almost no movement occurs at the 2nd and 3rd digits
- the 4th digit is slightly mobile
- the 5th digit is moderately mobile
joints of the fingers
- MCP joints
- IP joints (PIP and DIP)
MCP joints
- condyloid joint
- flexion–extension and adduction–abduction.
- MCP joint of the thumb is limited to flexion–extension.
Ip joints (PIP and DIP)