Deltoscapular Region and Posterior Arm UE1

Question 1

clavicle

Answer 1

• suspends the scapula and UE
• allows the scapula to move on the thoracic wall
• transmits shock from the UE to the axial skeleton

~ one of the most breakable bones

Question 2

scapula

Answer 2

• posterior surface has a spine
• anterior (costal) surface has sub-scapular fossa
• spine, acromion and coracoid processes are sites for muscle attachment
• glenoid cavity (point of articulation for humoral head)

Question 3

motions of the scapula

Answer 3

• elevation
• depression
• protraction (abduction)
• retraction (adduction)
• upward rotation
• downward rotation

Question 4

when an action takes place at the arm where is it occurring?

Answer 4

glenohumeral joint

Question 5

when an action takes place at the forearm where it occurring?

Answer 5

elbow joint

Question 6

when an action takes place at the wrist (extend the wrist) where is it occurring?

Answer 6

radiocarpal joint

Question 7

how do we define movement at a joint?

Answer 7

• a muscle must cross a joint to exert a
  movement at that joint
• the orientation of the muscle fibers
  relative to its attachments produces
  movement
• sometimes, a muscle can exert different
  movements based on differences in
  orientation of the muscle fibers and thus
  the axis about which it acts
• sometimes, a muscle can cross two joints

Question 8

long thoracic nerve innervates?

Answer 8

serratus anterior

Question 9

medial pectoral and lateral pectoral nerve innervate the?

Answer 9

pectoralis major

Question 10

medial pectoral nerve innervates the?

Answer 10

pectoralis minor

Question 11

winged scapula

Answer 11

• paralysis of the serratus anterior
• the medial border of the scapula moves
  away from the thoracic wall
• the UE won’t be able to elevate normally
  above the horizontal position
• serratus anterior is unable to upwardly rotate
  the scapula

Question 12

deltoscapular region

Answer 12

• Deltoid
• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor
• Teres major
• Subscapulari

Question 13

deltoid

Answer 13

• has 3 parts (anterior, middle, posterior)
• the parts of the deltoid can act separately
  or as a whole

-when all 3 parts of the deltoid contract
simultaneously, the arm is abducted.

Question 14

teres major

Answer 14

• posterior aspect of the pectoral (shoulder) girdle
• adducts and medially rotates the arm

Question 15

rotator cuff

Answer 15

• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor and
• Subscapularis muscles
  ~ (SITS)
• SITS tendons reinforce the joint capsule of the
  glenohumeral joint
• tonic contraction of the SITS muscles hold the
  large head of the humerus in the glenoid
  cavity

Question 16

suprascapular artery

Answer 16

• travels over the transverse scapular ligament
• supplies the supra and infraspinatus muscles

Question 17

suprascapular nerve

Answer 17

• travels under the transverse scapular ligament
• supplies the supra and infraspinatus muscles
• arises from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus-more to
  comes on this

Question 18

axillary nerve and injury

Answer 18

• branch of posterior cord of the brachial plexus
  ~the deltoid and teres minor atrophy
• the axillary nerve winds around the surgical neck of the humerus-susceptible to injury during fracture
  ~ sensory loss may occur over the lateral arm

Question 19

quadrangular space

Answer 19

• borders: long head of triceps, teres major and
  minor and humerus
• Contents: axillary nerve and posterior circumflex
  humeral artery

Question 20

triangular space

Answer 20

• borders: teres major and minor and long head of triceps

-contents: circumflex scapular artery

Question 21

rotator cuff injury

Answer 21

• most common tendon injury seen and treated
• pathophysiology:

~ frequency increases with age-degenerative and progressive
~other causes include trauma, and occupations
requiring significant overhead activity
~ pain and difficulty with overhead activity, lifting or carrying heavy objects.
~ degree of injury spans tendinopathy, partial tears, and complete tear
~ acute tears happen in younger patients, and
degenerative tears occur in older patients

Question 22

scapular anastomosis

Answer 22

• interconnection between 2 vessels
  ~ functions to serve as a collateral flow of blood in case an occlusion should occur in one vessel

Question 23

what nerve supplies the muscle of the posterior arm and forearm?

Answer 23

radial nerve

Question 24

what artery supplies the posterior arm?

Answer 24

profunda brachii (deep brachial a)

Question 25

triangular interval borders

Answer 25

• superior: teres major
• lateral: lateral head of the triceps triceps
• medial: long head of the triceps