Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
superficial fascia layers
- camper’s fascia
- scarpa’s fascia
camper’s fascia
superficial fatty layer
scarpa’s fascia
deeper membranous layer
rectus abdominis
muscles that form the anterior abdominal wall and flexes the trunk/ vertebral column
- intersected by tendinous intersections
tendinous intersections
muscle fibers that run vertically along the anterior abdominal wall
rectus sheath
connective tissue sheath that encases the rectus abdominis
linea alba
band of connective tissue that separates the right and left rectus abdominis
~extends from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic symphysis of the os cox
lateral abdominal wall
- composed of 3 muscular layers
(from superficial to deep):
~ external oblique
~ internal oblique
~ transversus oblique
muscles of the lateral abdomial wall perform what action?
- flex the trunk (bilateral)
- rotate and laterally flex the trunk (unilateral)
arcuate line
the lower limit of the posterior layer of
the rectus sheath
~ representing the shift of the
aponeuroses to only being present anterior to the rectusabdominis
superior to the arcuate line
anterior and posterior layer of
the rectus sheath
inferior to the arcuate line
- all layers of the rectus sheath are anterior to rectus abdominis
~ this shift occurs slightly below umbilicus
internal abdominal wall
- round ligament of the liver
- median umbilical fold
- medial umbilical fold
- lateral umbilical folds
round ligament of the liver
connects the
liver to the umbilicus
median umbilical fold
single fold of parietal peritoneum at the midline from the bladder to the umbilicus
- contain the urachus
medial umbilical folds
paired folds of oblique parietal peritoneum lateral to the median umbilical fold
- contain the obliterates umbilical arteries
lateral umbilical folds
paired folds of parietal peritoneum lateral to medial umbilical folds
- contain the inferior epigastric vessels
bloods supply of abdominal wall
Lumbar arteries arise from the aorta
and supply the posterior and lateral
abdominal wall with blood
pyramidalis
small triangular-shaped muscle at the inferior aspect of the rectus abdominis
- absent in ~20% of people
external oblique
most superficial muscle, and its muscle fibers are oriented obliquely inferior (e.g., hands in pockets
orientation
internal oblique
is immediately deep to external oblique, and its muscle fibers are oriented obliquely superior (e.g., praying hands orientation)
transversus abdominis
is deep to internal oblique, and its muscle fibers are oriented horizontally
aponeuroses of the ____ oblique, _____ oblique, and _____ abdominis form what?
- external oblique
- internal oblique
- transversus abdominis
- form the tendinous intersections, linea alba, and rectus sheath
arcutate line
- demarcates the transition in the aponeurotic posterior wall of the rectus sheath
- marks the transition where all the
aponeuroses move anteriorly, leaving the posterior aspect of the rectus abdominis lined by
transversalis fascia
where does the arcuate line occur
slightly below the umbilicus (belly button)
median umbilical fold
- is a single fold of parietal peritoneum at the midline that connects the bladder to the umbilicus
~contains the urachus
urachus
fibrous remnant of the allantois that allowed waste to drain from the embryo into amniotic sac
medial umbilical folds
paired folds of parietal peritoneum that are immediately lateral to the median umbilical folds
~ contain obliterated umbilical arteries
obliterated umbilical arteries
remnants of the umbilical arteries that carried deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
lateral umbilical folds
paired folds of parietal peritoneum lateral to the
medial umbilical folds. The lateral umbilical folds contain the inferior epigastric vessels
superior and inferior epigastric arteries
longitudinal arteries that supply the rectus abdominis muscles with blood
- within the rectus sheath and anastomose with each other near the level of the umbilicus
superior epigastric arteries
arise from the internal thoracic arteries
inferior epigastric arteries
arise from the external iliac arteries
deep circumflex arteries
supply part of the lower abdominal
wall. Veins of the same name (e.g., superior and inferior epigastric veins) travel with these
arteries to drain blood from the rectus abdominis
lumbar arteries
arise from the aorta and course horizontally to supply the posterior and lateral abdominal wall with blood
lumbar veins
travel with lumbar arteries and drain into the inferior vena cava and azygos veins
os coxae
- articulate with the sacrum to form the pelvic cavity
- each os coxa is composed of three fused bones: ilium, ishium, pubis
pubic symphysis
the joint between the right and let pubic bones of the os coxae
inguinal ligament
is a fibrous band that runs between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle of the os coxa
- formed by the aponeurosis of the external
oblique muscle
inguinal canal
passageway between the abdominal cavity and the external genitalia and contains the spermaic cord in males and the round ligament in females
- inguinal canal has two openings: the deep and supericial inguinal rings
deep inguinal ring
the entrance to the inguinal canal and is a hole in the transversalis fascia that is located
lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
superficial inguinal ring
the exit point of the inguinal canal and opens into the region of the scrotum or the labia majora
spermatic cord
is the main content of the inguinal canal in males
round ligament of the uterus
is the main content of the inguinal canal in females
what passes through the inguinal canal in BOTH males and females
ilioinguinal nerve and genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
spermatic cord
transmits structures from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum and is formed by the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall
cremasteric muscle and fascia
are deep to external spermaic fascia and are derived from internal oblique muscle and aponeurosis
what is the deepest layer of the spermatic fascia and where is it derived from?
internal spermaic fascia is the deepest layer and is derived from transversalis fascia
what does the spermatic cord contain?
- ductus/vas deferens
- tesicular artery
- pampiniform venous plexus
- genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
ductus/ vas deferens
muscular tube that conveys sperm from the tesis and epididymis
testicular artery
arises from the aorta and supplies the epididymis and testes
pampiniform venous plexus
network of veins that empty into the tesicular vein
genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
innervates skin of scrotum and cremaster muscle
scrotum
is an outgrowth of the anterior abdominal wall and contains the testes and epididymis
dartos fascia and muscle
- derived from the superficial fascia of the abdomen (specifically scarpa’s fascia)
- assists the cremaster muscle in bringing the testes closer to the trunk to reduce heat loss
testes
gonads that produce sperm and testosterone
tunica albuginea
- fibrous outer surface
- covered by tunica vaginalis
what allows the testes to move freely in the scrotum without friction?
small amount of serious fluid in the cavity of the tunica vaginalis
epididymis
transports sperm to the ductus deferens and promotes maturaion of sperm
round ligament of the uterus
is the major structure in the inguinal canal in females; this
ligament travels from the uterus in the pelvic cavity to the labia majora, where it anchors into
the adipose issue
ilioinguinal nerve and the gential branch of genitofemoral nerve
- in the inguinal canal in females
- innervate the skin of the labia majora
