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Gross Anatomy > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

superficial fascia layers

A
  • camper’s fascia
  • scarpa’s fascia
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2
Q

camper’s fascia

A

superficial fatty layer

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3
Q

scarpa’s fascia

A

deeper membranous layer

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4
Q

rectus abdominis

A

muscles that form the anterior abdominal wall and flexes the trunk/ vertebral column

  • intersected by tendinous intersections
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5
Q

tendinous intersections

A

muscle fibers that run vertically along the anterior abdominal wall

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6
Q

rectus sheath

A

connective tissue sheath that encases the rectus abdominis

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7
Q

linea alba

A

band of connective tissue that separates the right and left rectus abdominis

~extends from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic symphysis of the os cox

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8
Q

lateral abdominal wall

A
  • composed of 3 muscular layers
    (from superficial to deep):
    ~ external oblique
    ~ internal oblique
    ~ transversus oblique
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9
Q

muscles of the lateral abdomial wall perform what action?

A
  • flex the trunk (bilateral)
  • rotate and laterally flex the trunk (unilateral)
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10
Q

arcuate line

A

the lower limit of the posterior layer of
the rectus sheath
~ representing the shift of the
aponeuroses to only being present anterior to the rectusabdominis

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11
Q

superior to the arcuate line

A

anterior and posterior layer of
the rectus sheath

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12
Q

inferior to the arcuate line

A
  • all layers of the rectus sheath are anterior to rectus abdominis
    ~ this shift occurs slightly below umbilicus
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13
Q

internal abdominal wall

A
  • round ligament of the liver
  • median umbilical fold
  • medial umbilical fold
  • lateral umbilical folds
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14
Q

round ligament of the liver

A

connects the
liver to the umbilicus

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15
Q

median umbilical fold

A

single fold of parietal peritoneum at the midline from the bladder to the umbilicus
- contain the urachus

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16
Q

medial umbilical folds

A

paired folds of oblique parietal peritoneum lateral to the median umbilical fold
- contain the obliterates umbilical arteries

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17
Q

lateral umbilical folds

A

paired folds of parietal peritoneum lateral to medial umbilical folds
- contain the inferior epigastric vessels

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18
Q

bloods supply of abdominal wall

A

Lumbar arteries arise from the aorta
and supply the posterior and lateral
abdominal wall with blood

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19
Q

pyramidalis

A

small triangular-shaped muscle at the inferior aspect of the rectus abdominis
- absent in ~20% of people

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20
Q

external oblique

A

most superficial muscle, and its muscle fibers are oriented obliquely inferior (e.g., hands in pockets
orientation

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21
Q

internal oblique

A

is immediately deep to external oblique, and its muscle fibers are oriented obliquely superior (e.g., praying hands orientation)

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22
Q

transversus abdominis

A

is deep to internal oblique, and its muscle fibers are oriented horizontally

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23
Q

aponeuroses of the ____ oblique, _____ oblique, and _____ abdominis form what?

A
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • transversus abdominis
  • form the tendinous intersections, linea alba, and rectus sheath
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24
Q

arcutate line

A
  • demarcates the transition in the aponeurotic posterior wall of the rectus sheath
  • marks the transition where all the
    aponeuroses move anteriorly, leaving the posterior aspect of the rectus abdominis lined by
    transversalis fascia
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25
Q

where does the arcuate line occur

A

slightly below the umbilicus (belly button)

26
Q

median umbilical fold

A
  • is a single fold of parietal peritoneum at the midline that connects the bladder to the umbilicus

~contains the urachus

27
Q

urachus

A

fibrous remnant of the allantois that allowed waste to drain from the embryo into amniotic sac

28
Q

medial umbilical folds

A

paired folds of parietal peritoneum that are immediately lateral to the median umbilical folds

~ contain obliterated umbilical arteries

29
Q

obliterated umbilical arteries

A

remnants of the umbilical arteries that carried deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta

30
Q

lateral umbilical folds

A

paired folds of parietal peritoneum lateral to the
medial umbilical folds. The lateral umbilical folds contain the inferior epigastric vessels

31
Q

superior and inferior epigastric arteries

A

longitudinal arteries that supply the rectus abdominis muscles with blood

  • within the rectus sheath and anastomose with each other near the level of the umbilicus
32
Q

superior epigastric arteries

A

arise from the internal thoracic arteries

33
Q

inferior epigastric arteries

A

arise from the external iliac arteries

34
Q

deep circumflex arteries

A

supply part of the lower abdominal
wall. Veins of the same name (e.g., superior and inferior epigastric veins) travel with these
arteries to drain blood from the rectus abdominis

35
Q

lumbar arteries

A

arise from the aorta and course horizontally to supply the posterior and lateral abdominal wall with blood

36
Q

lumbar veins

A

travel with lumbar arteries and drain into the inferior vena cava and azygos veins

37
Q

os coxae

A
  • articulate with the sacrum to form the pelvic cavity
  • each os coxa is composed of three fused bones: ilium, ishium, pubis
38
Q

pubic symphysis

A

the joint between the right and let pubic bones of the os coxae

39
Q

inguinal ligament

A

is a fibrous band that runs between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle of the os coxa

  • formed by the aponeurosis of the external
    oblique muscle
40
Q

inguinal canal

A

passageway between the abdominal cavity and the external genitalia and contains the spermaic cord in males and the round ligament in females

  • inguinal canal has two openings: the deep and supericial inguinal rings
41
Q

deep inguinal ring

A

the entrance to the inguinal canal and is a hole in the transversalis fascia that is located
lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

42
Q

superficial inguinal ring

A

the exit point of the inguinal canal and opens into the region of the scrotum or the labia majora

43
Q

spermatic cord

A

is the main content of the inguinal canal in males

44
Q

round ligament of the uterus

A

is the main content of the inguinal canal in females

45
Q

what passes through the inguinal canal in BOTH males and females

A

ilioinguinal nerve and genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

46
Q

spermatic cord

A

transmits structures from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum and is formed by the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall

47
Q

cremasteric muscle and fascia

A

are deep to external spermaic fascia and are derived from internal oblique muscle and aponeurosis

48
Q

what is the deepest layer of the spermatic fascia and where is it derived from?

A

internal spermaic fascia is the deepest layer and is derived from transversalis fascia

49
Q

what does the spermatic cord contain?

A
  • ductus/vas deferens
  • tesicular artery
  • pampiniform venous plexus
  • genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
50
Q

ductus/ vas deferens

A

muscular tube that conveys sperm from the tesis and epididymis

51
Q

testicular artery

A

arises from the aorta and supplies the epididymis and testes

52
Q

pampiniform venous plexus

A

network of veins that empty into the tesicular vein

53
Q

genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

A

innervates skin of scrotum and cremaster muscle

54
Q

scrotum

A

is an outgrowth of the anterior abdominal wall and contains the testes and epididymis

55
Q

dartos fascia and muscle

A
  • derived from the superficial fascia of the abdomen (specifically scarpa’s fascia)
  • assists the cremaster muscle in bringing the testes closer to the trunk to reduce heat loss
56
Q

testes

A

gonads that produce sperm and testosterone

57
Q

tunica albuginea

A
  • fibrous outer surface
  • covered by tunica vaginalis
58
Q

what allows the testes to move freely in the scrotum without friction?

A

small amount of serious fluid in the cavity of the tunica vaginalis

59
Q

epididymis

A

transports sperm to the ductus deferens and promotes maturaion of sperm

60
Q

round ligament of the uterus

A

is the major structure in the inguinal canal in females; this
ligament travels from the uterus in the pelvic cavity to the labia majora, where it anchors into
the adipose issue

61
Q

ilioinguinal nerve and the gential branch of genitofemoral nerve

A
  • in the inguinal canal in females
  • innervate the skin of the labia majora

Gross Anatomy (11 decks)

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