Abdomen 1

Question 1

peritoneum

Answer 1

layers of mesothelium that surround the digestive tract

Question 2

visceral peritoneum

Answer 2

thin layer that directly covers the viscera of the abdomen

Question 3

parietal peritoneum

Answer 3

is a thin layer that lines the walls of the abdomen

~ deep to transversalis

Question 4

internal aspect of the abdominal wall is lined with?

Answer 4

transversalis fascia

Question 5

peritoneal cavity

Answer 5

potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

Question 6

peritoneal cavity is filled with?

Answer 6

serous fluid to reduce friction between viscera

Question 7

retroperitoneal organs

Answer 7

• organs that are posterior to parietal peritoneum

these inclue:
- kidneys
- ureters
- pancreas
- duodenum
- ascending colon
- descending colon
- rectum

Question 8

mesentery

Answer 8

doubles layer of peritoneum that connects visceral peritoneum to parietal peritoneum

• anchors viscera to abdominal wall
• transmit arteries veins and nerves

Question 9

omentum

Answer 9

connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver

Question 10

greater omentum

Answer 10

connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

Question 11

esophagus

Answer 11

a muscular tube in the thorax

Question 12

abdominal esophagus

Answer 12

enters the abdomen by passing through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

• enters cardiac region of the stomach

Question 13

lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 13

• smooth muscle sphincter at the esophageal-cardiac junction
• prevents food from refluxing into the esophagus

Question 14

stomach

Answer 14

• is in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity
• the stomach secretes
  hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes and breaks down food

Question 15

chyme

Answer 15

• mixture of fluids
• partially digested food particles
• enzymes

Question 16

four regions of the stomach

Answer 16

• cardia
• fundus
• body
• pylorus

Question 17

cardia

Answer 17

region where the esophagus enters the stomach

Question 18

fundus

Answer 18

is located above the entry of the esophagus

Question 19

body of stomach

Answer 19

is the largest part of
the stomach

Question 20

pylorus

Answer 20

the outlet of the stomach and contains a thick layer of circular smooth muscle called pyloric sphincter

Question 21

pyloric sphincter

Answer 21

controls the amount of chyme leaving the stomach

Question 22

gastric/rugae

Answer 22

longitudinal folds in the inner lining of the stomach that allow for distention of the stomach

Question 23

greater curvature of the stomach

Answer 23

is from the fundus to the pylorus

Question 24

lesser curvature of the stomach

Answer 24

is from the cardia to the pylorus

Question 25

the major function of the small intestine is?

Answer 25

absorption of nutrients from food

Question 26

duodenum

Answer 26

(~1 foot long) is the irst part of the small intesine that starts at the distal end of the pylorus and is C-shaped

• most of duodenum is retroperitoneal

Question 27

how are bile and pancreatic juices emptied into the duodenum?

Answer 27

ampulla of vater and major duodenal papilla

Question 28

ampulla of vater is surrounded by the?

Answer 28

sphincter of oddi

Question 29

sphincter of oddi

Answer 29

smooth muscle sphincter that regulates the release of bile and pancreatic juices from the ampulla of vater

Question 30

jejunum

Answer 30

• begins after duodenum
• middle part of the small intestine

Question 31

ileum

Answer 31

• distal part of the small intestine that leads to the large intestine

Question 32

jejunum and ileum are are what kind of organs and anchored by what?

Answer 32

• peritoneal organs
• anchored to the abdominal wall by a mesentery

Question 33

plica circulares (circular folds)

Answer 33

• inner lining of the small intestine
  ~ more prominent in the jejunum

Question 34

peyer’s patches

Answer 34

thinner wall, less prominent circular folds, mounds epithelium in the ileum

Question 35

large intestine

Answer 35

• cecum
• appendix
• colon
• rectum

Question 36

primary function of large intestine

Answer 36

to store and concentrate (through water absorption) fecal material prior to defecation

Question 37

taenia coli

Answer 37

smooth muscle fiber bands that surround the large intestine

Question 38

haustra

Answer 38

bulges that are formed along the length of the large intestine by the taeniae coli

Question 39

epipolic appendices (fatty appendages)

Answer 39

small, fatty sacs of peritoneum that hang off the external surface of the large intestine (primarily colon)

Question 40

cecum

Answer 40

the first part of the large intestine and forms as a sac at the lower end of the ascending colon

Question 41

how do the contents of the ileum empty into the cecum?

Answer 41

ileocecal valve

Question 42

vermiform appendix

Answer 42

is a narrow part of the large intestine that hangs from the apex of the cecum

Question 43

the ____ might play a role in fighting infection due to having lymphoid tissue

Answer 43

appendix

Question 44

colon

Answer 44

four parts:
- ascending
- transverse
- descending
- sigmoid

Question 45

ascending colon

Answer 45

extends superiorly from the cecum on the right side of the
abdomen in the retroperitoneal space

Question 46

transverse colon

Answer 46

is the horizontal part of the
colon from the hepatic flexure (right colic flexure) to the splenic flexure (let colic flexure)

Question 47

the transverse colon has mesentery called?

Answer 47

transverse mesocolon

Question 48

descending colon

Answer 48

descends from the splenic flexure on the let side of the abdomen in the retroperitoneal space

Question 49

sigmoid colon

Answer 49

S-shaped
- contains mesentery called the sigmoid mesocolon

Question 50

rectum

Answer 50

terminal end of the large intestine and extends inferiorly into the pelvic cavity