Abdomen 1 Flashcards
peritoneum
layers of mesothelium that surround the digestive tract
visceral peritoneum
thin layer that directly covers the viscera of the abdomen
parietal peritoneum
is a thin layer that lines the walls of the abdomen
~ deep to transversalis
internal aspect of the abdominal wall is lined with?
transversalis fascia
peritoneal cavity
potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
peritoneal cavity is filled with?
serous fluid to reduce friction between viscera
retroperitoneal organs
- organs that are posterior to parietal peritoneum
these inclue:
- kidneys
- ureters
- pancreas
- duodenum
- ascending colon
- descending colon
- rectum
mesentery
doubles layer of peritoneum that connects visceral peritoneum to parietal peritoneum
- anchors viscera to abdominal wall
- transmit arteries veins and nerves
omentum
connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver
greater omentum
connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
esophagus
a muscular tube in the thorax
abdominal esophagus
enters the abdomen by passing through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
- enters cardiac region of the stomach
lower esophageal sphincter
- smooth muscle sphincter at the esophageal-cardiac junction
- prevents food from refluxing into the esophagus
stomach
- is in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity
- the stomach secretes
hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes and breaks down food
chyme
- mixture of fluids
- partially digested food particles
- enzymes
four regions of the stomach
- cardia
- fundus
- body
- pylorus
cardia
region where the esophagus enters the stomach
fundus
is located above the entry of the esophagus
body of stomach
is the largest part of
the stomach
pylorus
the outlet of the stomach and contains a thick layer of circular smooth muscle called pyloric sphincter
pyloric sphincter
controls the amount of chyme leaving the stomach
gastric/rugae
longitudinal folds in the inner lining of the stomach that allow for distention of the stomach
greater curvature of the stomach
is from the fundus to the pylorus
lesser curvature of the stomach
is from the cardia to the pylorus
the major function of the small intestine is?
absorption of nutrients from food
duodenum
(~1 foot long) is the irst part of the small intesine that starts at the distal end of the pylorus and is C-shaped
- most of duodenum is retroperitoneal
how are bile and pancreatic juices emptied into the duodenum?
ampulla of vater and major duodenal papilla
ampulla of vater is surrounded by the?
sphincter of oddi
sphincter of oddi
smooth muscle sphincter that regulates the release of bile and pancreatic juices from the ampulla of vater
jejunum
- begins after duodenum
- middle part of the small intestine
ileum
- distal part of the small intestine that leads to the large intestine
jejunum and ileum are are what kind of organs and anchored by what?
- peritoneal organs
- anchored to the abdominal wall by a mesentery
plica circulares (circular folds)
- inner lining of the small intestine
~ more prominent in the jejunum
peyer’s patches
thinner wall, less prominent circular folds, mounds epithelium in the ileum
large intestine
- cecum
- appendix
- colon
- rectum
primary function of large intestine
to store and concentrate (through water absorption) fecal material prior to defecation
taenia coli
smooth muscle fiber bands that surround the large intestine
haustra
bulges that are formed along the length of the large intestine by the taeniae coli
epipolic appendices (fatty appendages)
small, fatty sacs of peritoneum that hang off the external surface of the large intestine (primarily colon)
cecum
the first part of the large intestine and forms as a sac at the lower end of the ascending colon
how do the contents of the ileum empty into the cecum?
ileocecal valve
vermiform appendix
is a narrow part of the large intestine that hangs from the apex of the cecum
the ____ might play a role in fighting infection due to having lymphoid tissue
appendix
colon
four parts:
- ascending
- transverse
- descending
- sigmoid
ascending colon
extends superiorly from the cecum on the right side of the
abdomen in the retroperitoneal space
transverse colon
is the horizontal part of the
colon from the hepatic flexure (right colic flexure) to the splenic flexure (let colic flexure)
the transverse colon has mesentery called?
transverse mesocolon
descending colon
descends from the splenic flexure on the let side of the abdomen in the retroperitoneal space
sigmoid colon
S-shaped
- contains mesentery called the sigmoid mesocolon
rectum
terminal end of the large intestine and extends inferiorly into the pelvic cavity
