Joints and Articulations

Question 1

Describe a synovial joint

Answer 1

Greatest range of motion
Joint capsul/cavity

Question 2

Describe the articular capsule

Answer 2

The capsul surounding a synovial joint

Question 3

Describe the fibrous layer of the articular capsule

Answer 3

outer layer providing joint stability

Question 4

Describe the synovial membrane of the articular capsule

Answer 4

Secretes synovial fluid which lubricates joint

Question 5

Describe articular cartilage

Answer 5

Covers ends of bones in synovial joint, reduces friction, and acts as shock absorber

Question 6

Ligaments

Answer 6

Dense connective tissue connecting bone to bone to strengthen and reinforce pasule

Question 7

Extrinsic ligament

Answer 7

separate from articualar capsule

Question 8

Intrinsic ligament

Answer 8

Thickening of articular capsule

Question 9

Describe Bursae

Answer 9

contain synovial fluid …….

Question 10

Describe tendon sheaths

Answer 10

elongated bursae around tendons, particularly in confined areas (wrist and ankle) where tendons rub each other

Question 11

Describe fat pads

Answer 11

“packing material”, provide protection

Question 12

Describe a plane synovial joint

Answer 12

uniaxial; side to side movement

Question 13

Describe a hinge synovial joint

Answer 13

uniaxial (movement in one plane); like hinge of a door

Question 14

Describe a pivot synovial joint

Answer 14

uniaxial; one bone rotates on its longitudinal axis

Question 15

Describe a condylar synovial joint

Answer 15

biaxial (two planes of motion); oval or concave surface of one bone, convex of the other

Question 16

Describe a saddle synovial joint

Answer 16

biaxial; joint surfaces resemble saddle shape

Question 17

Describe ball and socket joints

Answer 17

multiaxial; spherical head into cuplike socket. Largest range of motion

Question 18

What are the four types of motion at synovial joints?

Answer 18

Gliding
Angular
Rotational
Special

Question 19

Describe Gliding motion

Answer 19

Sliding past one another

Question 20

Angular motion

Answer 20

CHanges angle between two bones

Question 21

Flexion

Answer 21

decreasing angle between joints

Question 22

Extension

Answer 22

Increasing angle between joints

Question 23

Hyperextension

Answer 23

Extension beyond 180 degrees

Question 24

Lateral flexion

Answer 24

Trunk of body moves in coronal plane laterally away from midline

Question 25

Abduction

Answer 25

Movement away from midline

Question 26

Adduction

Answer 26

Movement toward midline

Question 27

Radial deviation

Answer 27

Abduction of the wrist

Question 28

Ulnar deviation

Answer 28

Adduction of the wrist

Question 29

What is the midline of the fingers?

Answer 29

The middle fingers

Question 30

Circumduction

Answer 30

proximal end of appendage remains stationary, distal end moves in an arc

Question 31

Rotation

Answer 31

Movement about an axis

Question 32

Pronation

Answer 32

Palms posterior

Question 33

Supination

Answer 33

Palms anterior

Question 34

Elevation

Answer 34

Raising a body part
(eg shoulder shrug)

Question 35

Depression

Answer 35

Lowering a body part
(oppening mouth, shoulder depression)

Question 36

Protraction

Answer 36

Moving a body part anteriorly

Question 37

Retraction

Answer 37

Moving a body part posteriorly

Question 38

Inversion

Answer 38

Foot rotating so sole faces midline

Question 39

Eversion

Answer 39

Foot rotating so sole faces laterally

Question 40

Dorsiflexion

Answer 40

Foot flexes toward shin

Question 41

Plantarflexion

Answer 41

posiotion at top of calf raise

Question 42

Opposition

Answer 42

Ability of the thumb to independently touch each fingertip.