Joints

Question 1

What is a joint?

Answer 1

The junction where two or more bones meet

Question 2

What are the three main types of joint?

Answer 2

Fixed
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 3

What is a fixed joint?

Answer 3

Joints that are linked together usually by a fibrous connective tissue.

Question 4

What is a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 4

Joints that are connected entirely by cartilage.

Question 5

What are synovial joints?

Answer 5

Connections between two bones which are separated by an articular cavity.

Question 6

What is extension?

Answer 6

Angle between two bones increases.

Question 7

What is flexion?

Answer 7

Angle between two bones decreases.

Question 8

What is adduction?

Answer 8

Movement towards midline of the body

Question 9

What is abduction?

Answer 9

Movement away from my line of body.

Question 10

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 10

Moving toes towards shin.

Question 11

What is plantarflexion?

Answer 11

Pointing the toes.

Question 12

What is circumduction?

Answer 12

Pivot joint - combination of extension, flexion, adduction and abduction.

Question 13

What is lateral flexion?

Answer 13

Spine moving laterally away from midline of the body, (bending to the side)

Question 14

What is rotation?

Answer 14

Pivoting or twisting movement (rotating the neck)

Question 15

What is pronation?

Answer 15

So the palm of your hand faces downward or backwards (posteriorly)

Question 16

What is supination?

Answer 16

So the palm of your hand faces upward or forward (anteriorly)

Question 17

What is eversion?

Answer 17

Movement of the foot to bring the sole facing outwards.

Question 18

What is inversion?

Answer 18

Movement of the foot to bring sole facing inwards.

Question 19

Describe a synovial joint?

Answer 19

.freely moveable
.whole joint surrounded by a capsule
. Synovial cavity or joint cavity between bones
. Cartilage covers ends of bones
. Bones connected and stabilised by ligaments
. Capsule contains a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
. Synovial fluid lubricates the joints

Question 20

What are the different types of synovial joint?

Answer 20

Pivot
Ball and socket
Hinge
Condyloid
Saddle
Plane

Question 21

Describe a pivot joint?

Answer 21

. Allow rotation
. Transverse plane
. Uniaxial or monaxial

Question 22

Describe ball and socket joints.

Answer 22

. Hip and shoulder
. PLANES = Frontal, Transverse and Sagittal
. Triaxial or multiaxial

Question 23

Describe hinge joints.

Answer 23

. Knee and elbow
. Uniaxial
. Move in one plane

Question 24

Describe condyloid (ellipsoid) joints.

Answer 24

. Allows movement side to side and back and forth
. Biaxial
. Frontal and sagittal planes
. The wrist

Question 25

Describe saddle joints.

Answer 25

. Modified ellipsoid joints
. Biaxial
. Move side to side, back and forth
. Joints between metacarpal of the thumb

Question 26

Describe plane (gliding) joints.

Answer 26

. Carpals, tarsals, scapula, clavicle
. No rotation
. Do not move around a point of axis - nonaxial
. Allow movement back and forth and side to side over another joint

Question 27

Describe ligaments.

Answer 27

. Connect bone to bone 
. Stabilise joints 
. Poor blood supply 
. Collagen (less extensible)
. Elastin (more extensible)

Question 28

Describe tendons.

Answer 28

. Connect muscle to bone
. Bundles of colleges fibres 
. Connective tissues of muscles 
. Insert onto periosteum
. Poor blood supply
. Heal slowly