Joints Flashcards
What is a joint?
The junction where two or more bones meet
What are the three main types of joint?
Fixed
Cartilaginous
Synovial
What is a fixed joint?
Joints that are linked together usually by a fibrous connective tissue.
What is a cartilaginous joint?
Joints that are connected entirely by cartilage.
What are synovial joints?
Connections between two bones which are separated by an articular cavity.
What is extension?
Angle between two bones increases.
What is flexion?
Angle between two bones decreases.
What is adduction?
Movement towards midline of the body
What is abduction?
Movement away from my line of body.
What is dorsiflexion?
Moving toes towards shin.
What is plantarflexion?
Pointing the toes.
What is circumduction?
Pivot joint - combination of extension, flexion, adduction and abduction.
What is lateral flexion?
Spine moving laterally away from midline of the body, (bending to the side)
What is rotation?
Pivoting or twisting movement (rotating the neck)
What is pronation?
So the palm of your hand faces downward or backwards (posteriorly)
What is supination?
So the palm of your hand faces upward or forward (anteriorly)
What is eversion?
Movement of the foot to bring the sole facing outwards.
What is inversion?
Movement of the foot to bring sole facing inwards.
Describe a synovial joint?
.freely moveable
.whole joint surrounded by a capsule
. Synovial cavity or joint cavity between bones
. Cartilage covers ends of bones
. Bones connected and stabilised by ligaments
. Capsule contains a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
. Synovial fluid lubricates the joints
What are the different types of synovial joint?
Pivot Ball and socket Hinge Condyloid Saddle Plane
Describe a pivot joint?
. Allow rotation
. Transverse plane
. Uniaxial or monaxial
Describe ball and socket joints.
. Hip and shoulder
. PLANES = Frontal, Transverse and Sagittal
. Triaxial or multiaxial
Describe hinge joints.
. Knee and elbow
. Uniaxial
. Move in one plane
Describe condyloid (ellipsoid) joints.
. Allows movement side to side and back and forth
. Biaxial
. Frontal and sagittal planes
. The wrist
Describe saddle joints.
. Modified ellipsoid joints
. Biaxial
. Move side to side, back and forth
. Joints between metacarpal of the thumb
Describe plane (gliding) joints.
. Carpals, tarsals, scapula, clavicle
. No rotation
. Do not move around a point of axis - nonaxial
. Allow movement back and forth and side to side over another joint
Describe ligaments.
. Connect bone to bone . Stabilise joints . Poor blood supply . Collagen (less extensible) . Elastin (more extensible)
Describe tendons.
. Connect muscle to bone . Bundles of colleges fibres . Connective tissues of muscles . Insert onto periosteum . Poor blood supply . Heal slowly
